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Italian Renaissance
Chapter 2
27
History
10th Grade
04/28/2012

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Term
Florence during the Renaissance
Definition
Major textile & banking city; center of Renaissance; controlled by the Medicis
Term
Medici Family
Definition
Banking family that dominated 15th century Florence, beginning with Giovanni di Medici. Most famous is Lorenzo di Medici.
Term

Savonarola

(1452-1498)

Definition
Fransiscan friar who gained dictatorial power in Florence in 1494. Eventually was overthrown & Medicis came back into power, but Florence was never as great as before.
Term
Milan during the Renaissance
Definition
In northern Italy, center of trade between seaports
Term

Visconti Family

(1227-1447)

Definition
Ruled Milan for 220 years. Gian Galeazzo Visconti (1351-1402) was the best--furtered city's commercial development.
Term
Sforza Family
Definition
Ruled Milan after the last Viscoti died
Term
Decline of Milan
Definition
Substantial economic downfall in early 16th century; became part of Spanish Empire in 1535
Term
Venice during the Renaissance
Definition
Great commercial city with one of the most effective governments in Europe
Term
Venice's Renaissance Government
Definition
Oligarchy; power was reserved for direct descendants of the original councillors of the city-state (their names were inscribed in the Golden Book); oligarchy compromised the Great Council which elected a doge (duke) for a life term; doge was really just a figurehead ruler who was subject to the inner circle of the Great Council, called the Circle of 10.
Term
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
Definition
In 1442, the Spanish house of Aragon already controlled Sicily. When they acquired Naples from France, Naples + Sicily became the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
Term

Dante Alighieri

(1265-1321)

Definition
First writer of Italian Renaissance; wrote Divine Comedy (hell, purgatory, heaven)
Term

Francesco Petrarch

(1304-1374)

Definition
Invented sonnets (14-line poems), addressed them to Laura; imiportant figure in humanist movement
Term

Giovanni Boccaccio

(1313-1375)

Definition
Wrote Decameron, a collection of witty tales narrated by 10 young people fleeing Florence during the Black Death
Term

Niccolo Machiavelli

(1469-1527)

Definition
The Prince; completely secular & amoral view of politics
Term

Castiglione

(1478-1529)

Definition
The Courtier; rules of gentlemanly behavior
Term

Cellini

(1500-1571)

Definition
Autobiography; egotist, wrote about sexual exploits with frankness
Term

Lorenzo Valla

(1405-1457)

Definition
Scholar who demonstrated that the Donation of Constanstine was a forgery
Term

Giotto

(1266-1337)

Definition
First artist of the Italian renaissance; departed significantly from the Byzantine style; human & realistic, chiaroscuro, depth; famous for his frescoes
Term

Masaccio

(1401-1428)

Definition
Master of perspective; The Holy Trinity (1425)
Term

Sandro Botticcelli

(1444-1510)

Definition
Vividly colored paintings drawn from classical mythology; Birth of Venus, Primavera, and The Adoration of the Magi
Term

Leonardo da Vinci

(1452-1519)

Definition
Painter in Milan, then Rome, then France, working for King Francis I; first artist to use oil paints in works like Mona Lisa and The Last Supper; also a scientist that mastered anatomy and provided the first accurate depiction of the human skeleton; invented (on paper) machine gun, submarine, parachute, and many more
Term

Raphael Santi

(1483-1520)

Definition
Renaissance painter best known for his Madonnas
Term

Michelangelo

(1475-1564)

Definition
Painter & sculptor (considered himself mainly a sculptor); Pieta
Term

Lorenzo Ghiberti

(1378-1455)

Definition
Bronze baptistery doors in Florence
Term
Brunelleschi
(1377-1466) 
Definition
First architect of Renaissance; most famous for the octagonal dome in the Florence cathedral
Term

Bramante

(1444-1514)

Definition
Worked for Pope Julius II to rebuild St. Peter's Basilica
Term

Titian 

(1477-1576)

Definition
Most famous Venetian Renaissance painter; about one painting a month; vivid colors; portraits of Kings
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