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Definition
| An increase in functional capacity of muscles and other bodily tissues as a result of increased stress (overload) placed upon them. |
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| The automatic tendency to maintain a relatively constant internal environment. |
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| The total of all the chemical and physical processes by which the body builds and maintains itself (anabolism) and by which it breaks down its substances for the production of energy (catabolism). |
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Definition
| Principal circulating sugar in the blood and the major energy source of the body. |
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| Bodies produced as intermediate products of fat metabolism. |
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| A by-product of glucose and glycogen metabolism in anaerobic muscle energetics. |
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Definition
| The building blocks of protein. |
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Definition
| Any of a large group of monobasic acids, especially those found in animal and vegetable fats and oils. |
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Definition
| The building up in the body of complex chemical compounds from simpler compounds (e.g., proteins from amino acids). |
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Definition
| The breaking down in the body of complex chemical compounds into simpler ones (e.g., proteins to amino acids). |
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Definition
| The base rate of metabolism that the body seeks to maintain; resulting in basal metabolic rate. |
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Term
| Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) |
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Definition
| The minimum energy required to maintain the body’s life function at rest; usually expressed in calories per hour per square meter of the body surface. |
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Term
| Thermic Effect / Thermogenesis |
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Definition
| The heat liberated from a particular food; it is a measure of its energy content and its tendency to be burned as heat. This process of heat liberation is also commonly referred to as “thermogenesis.” |
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Definition
| A unit of heat; specifically, it is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius at 1 atmosphere. |
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| A method of determining the “fuel mix” being used, giving us a way to measure the relative amounts of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins being burned for energy. |
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Definition
| The chemical act of combining with oxygen or of removing hydrogen. |
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Definition
| The highest rate of oxygen consumption which a person is capable. |
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Definition
| help increase work capacity by stimulating production of insulin, the hormone that opens muscle cells to glucose. |
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Term
| Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) |
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Definition
| An organic compound found in muscle which, upon being broken down enzymatically, yields energy for muscle contraction. |
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Term
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Definition
| A high-energy phosphate molecule that is stored in cells and can be used to immediately resynthesize ATP. |
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