Term
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Definition
| Nomadic Arab peoples who moved their herds between scattered oases in the desert. |
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Term
| Towns that depended on trade rose near the ___________ coasts. |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the town of Mecca. |
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Definition
| Located near the Red Sea. Both a trade and religious center. |
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Definition
| A large cube shaped structure in the center of Mecca. It was a religious structure and contained idols. |
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Term
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Definition
| Muhammad ibn Abd Allah was born in Mecca in about 570. He was raised by his uncle, Abu Talib. |
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Term
| Describe Muhammad's pre-Islamic life. |
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Definition
| He was a merchant in Mecca. At 25, he married Khadijah. All children died except Fatimah, their daughter. |
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Term
| How did Muhammad's being a merchant probably affect his ideas? |
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Definition
| He was exposed to Christians and Jews and heard of all sorts of relgions. |
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Term
| What happened to Muhammad in the year 610? |
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Definition
| Muhammad was praying in a cave when he was visited by an angel who commanded him to share the messages of Allah. |
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Term
| What happened when Muhammad began to preach Allah's word? |
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Definition
| Powerful Meccans did not like his teachings since they were threats. When his uncle, Abu Talib, died in 619, he knew he was no longer safe in Mecca. |
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Term
| What is the hegira, and when did it occur? |
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Definition
| In 622, Muhammad and his followers moved from Mecca to Yathrib. This is the hegira and is the beginning of the Muslim calendar. |
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Term
| What did Yathrib come to be known as? |
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Definition
| Yathrib is now known as Medina, or "the Prophet's city." |
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Term
| What is the meaning of "Islam"? |
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Definition
| Islam means "achieving peace through submission to God." |
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Term
| Did the Meccans allow Muhammad to continue teaching? |
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Definition
| No, they fought, but ultimately lost ground. By 630, Muhammad controlled Mecca. |
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Term
| How was the Qur'an created? |
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Definition
| Muhammad recited his revelations, so his followers wrote them down. Years later, they were collected into the Qur'an. |
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Term
| In what language can the full beauty of the Qur'an be conveyed, according to Muslim belief? |
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Definition
| It's original Arabic language. |
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Term
| What are the Five Pillars of Islam? |
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Definition
| The five basic acts of worship that are central to Islam. |
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Term
| Name the first Pillar of Islam. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Performance of five daily prayers, facing Mecca. |
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Term
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Definition
| Charity to the poor and needy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fasting from dawn to dusk during the month of Ramadan. |
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Term
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Definition
| The hajj, or religious journey to Mecca that must be completed at least once in a lifetime. |
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Term
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Definition
| The name for the building where Muslims worship. |
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Term
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Definition
| "Struggle for faith," or the struggle to defend the Muslim community. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sunna means "tradition." It contains reports on Muhammad's actions, providing guidance in many areas. Each individual section is called a hadith. |
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Term
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Definition
| A Muslim legal system that reflects the various rules by which all Muslims should live. |
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Term
| Why is the phrase, "people of the book", significant? |
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Definition
| The Qur'an teaches that the God of Jewish and Christian traditions is the same as Allah. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Who was Abu Bakr, and what was his job? |
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Definition
| Abu Bakr was Muhammad's successor. |
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Term
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Definition
| The successor of Muhammad's place as leader of the Muslim community. |
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Term
| How far did Abu Bakr and Umar extend the Muslim empire? |
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Definition
| 642-Persian Empire is overtaken. 642-Muslims take Byzantine Empire. 661- caliphate stretches from North Africa to Persia. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Why was Abu Bakr's position as caliph challenged? |
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Definition
| Some people wanted Ali, the husband of Fatimah, to be the caliph. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ali loses position of caliph to Uthman, supported by the Umayyad clan of Mecca. Rebels quickly killed Uthman. |
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Term
| What happened after Uthman's death? |
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Definition
| Ali became caliph, but civil war broke out between Ali's forces and the Umayyads. Ali was killed and the Umayyads took control. |
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Term
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Definition
| Most Muslims supported Mu'awiya, the new Umayyad caliph. His followers were called Sunnis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ali's followers. They call each of Ali's successors "imam". |
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Term
| During the Umayyad dynasty, how far did the empire extend? |
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Definition
| To the borders of China and all the way to Spain. |
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Term
| What was the problem with the Umayyad dynasty? |
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Definition
| Arab Muslims became a ruling class with power and privilege,which made many Muslims unhappy. |
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Term
| What happened during the 740s? |
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Definition
| The Abbasids wiped out most of the Umayyad family and started the Abbasid dynasty. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was caliph from 786 to 809. He brought Muslim culture to great heights. |
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Term
| Who was Ibn Rushd, or Averroes? |
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Definition
| A Muslim scholar of Cordoba, Spain, he wrote commentaries on Aristotle. |
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Term
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Definition
| An instrument for finding the positions and movements of stars and planets. |
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Term
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Definition
| A Persian doctor known as Avicenna who was the most famous medical scholar of his time. |
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Term
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Definition
| A historian who wrote a history of the world. |
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Term
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Definition
| Beautifully styled writing. |
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Term
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Definition
| When floral images in Islamic art are arranged in an intricate, interwoven geometric design. |
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Term
| Who was Jalal ad-Din Rumi? |
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Definition
| A Persian-language poet and Sufi Muslim. |
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Term
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Definition
| A poet who created a collection of four-line poems called the Rubaiyat. |
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