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| Delayed the expansion of Islam into Asia Minor. Muslim armies were able to conquer all the Byszntine lands in the Middle East except constantinople. They became the preserver of knowledge from previous generations in the west.. They influenced the development of a Slavic alphabet. The Russians copied their style of construction for their cathedrals. |
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| Were defeated in 637 the Sassanid forces toppling the empire. Because they had fought with Byzantine empire for almost two hundred years both empires were both drained of finiancial and military resources making them easy targets for the growing Islamic empire. The muslims were able to quickly gained support by looking like liberators and completely distroyed the Sassanid Empire. |
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| Location of Muhammad's birth. As part of the 5th pillar of Islam Muslims are expected to make a pilgrimage to here at least once in their lifetime. This is the holiest city in Islam for at least two reasons, 1. Muhammad was born there; 2. The Ka'bah is located there. |
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| a stone building in Mecca that was used for pagan rituals. The original structure existed long before Muhammad's time. The Arabs worshiped hundreds of gods prior to the rise of Islam. May of these gods were stored in the Ka'bah. Today the Ka'bah is about forty-three feet hight with sides measureing thirty-six feet by forty-two feet. A plack stone is set in the eastern corner of the structure. The outside of the Ka'bah is covered by a black curtain made of silk and embroidered with gold. Muslims are required to walk around this structure seven times as part of their pilgrimage to Mecca |
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| The holy month of Islam. Muslims are required to fast during daylight hours. |
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| Sacred Islamic book that records Muhammad's visions. |
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| The name of the Islamic god as declared by Muhammad. Muhammad rejected polytheism and began to teach that there was only one god. |
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| Location that Muhammad and a few of his followers moved to after he was forced to leave Mecca. |
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| Muhammad's move from Mecca to Medina and the event that would mark the beginning of Islam |
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| after Muhammad attacked numerous caravans, Mecca sent a force against Muhammad. Muhammad's outnumbered army saw victory in this battle which Muhammad saw as devine approval of his religious teachings. |
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| Religion created by Muhammad. Means "sumbission" |
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| Abu Bakr's conquest against Arabs who sought independence after Muhammad's death |
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| believed that Muhammad intended Ali, his cousin, to be his successor. They insist that he retained Muhammad's political and spritual authority. (Blood related to Muhammad to lead) |
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| believe any worthy Muslim could be selected to lead them. |
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| leader of the Shiite faction of Islam |
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Islamic Leader
Arab word means to succeed. Abu Bakr took this as his title after Muhammad died. |
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1. Recitation of the creed.
2. Daily practice of prayer
3. Almsgiving
4. Fasting during Ramadan
5. Pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime. |
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| Means to strive hard, Word the Qur'an uses to discribe a "holy war" against all nonbelievers |
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| Muslim dynasty expanded west across northern Africa and into Europe through modern Spain. By 750 they had conqured additional territory in Southwet Asia to the western border of India. |
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| Umayyad Caliphate capitol |
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| Took over leadership of the Islamic Empire in 750. The emphasis of this dynast changed from conquest to learning and culutre. |
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| Abbassid Caliphate capitol |
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| capitol of the Byzantine Empire. Could not be conqured by the Muslims or the Seljuk Turks |
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| Secret weapon of the Byzantine Empire. Helped prevent Constantinople from being defeated. |
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| Charles Martel (the Hammer) |
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| ruler of the Franks who led an army to stop the advance of the Muslim forces in Europe. At the Battle of Tours in 732, he decisively defeated the Muslim army. He effectively used heavy cavalry and wise military tactics to stop the Muslim advance. |
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