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| birthplace of Muhammad, a place of pilgrimage and Arab unity. An important trading city. |
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| movement of Muhammad & his followers from Mecca to Medina |
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| a community of faith, defined solely by acceptance of Islam and of Muhammad as the messenger of God |
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| first of the Caliphs. He solidified the practice of Islam through the 5 pillars. |
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| book of divine revelations made to the prophet Muhammad. |
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| reports of what Muhammad said and did |
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| a manumission contract, where the slave master would outline a payment plan |
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| claimed to be the next prophet in Islam, but was rejected. Chooses to lead the Zanj |
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| slaves who worked on sugarcane plantations |
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| military slaves who were trained to be warriors & forced to convert to Islam |
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| form of manumission where slaves become more powerful than the master |
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| a sultan and military genius who reorganized Islamic armies |
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| former slave concubine who became a ruler after her husband (a sultan) died. |
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| sultan dynasty, succession of Mamluks who ruled Egypt |
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