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Islam Terms
Chapters 3 and 4
42
History
7th Grade
09/27/2008

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Term
caliph
Definition
civil and relgious ruler of a Muslim state also means a successor
Term
council
Definition
an assenbley called to help pick the next Muslim calpih
Term
idol
Definition
an image used as an object of worship who are believed by nomads also known as "sons and daughters of God"
Term
Islam
Definition
a religion based on the teachings of the profit Muhammad that believes in one God. The laws of Islam are found in the Qur'an and the Sunna
Term
monotheism
Definition
the belief in one god
Term
mosque
Definition
Muslim house of worship
Term
Muslim
Definition
a believer in Islam
Term
nomad
Definition
a member of a group that moves from place to place following food, water, and grazing land for their herd
Term
oasis
Definition
a small area in the dessert watered by springs and wells
Term
pilgrimage
Definition
a journy to a sacred place or shrine
Term
Qur'an
Definition
the sacred book of Islam that is believed to contain the revelations made to Muhammad by Allah
Term
Shiite
Definition
a member of the branch of Islam that supports the descendates of Muhammad as his rightful successors
Term
Sunna
Definition
traditional Islamic law observed by orthodox Muslims and based on the teachings of Muhammad
Term
Sunni
Definition
the branch of Islam that follows orthodox tradition and accepts the validity of the first four caliphs elected as successoes to Muhammad
Term
tribe
Definition
any system of social organization made up of villiages, band, or other groups with a common ancestry, language, culture, and name
Term
bereaucracy
Definition
a type of organization structured like a pyramid, with one person at the top and many at the bottom; workers at each level supervise those below them
Term
calligraphy
Definition
the art of fine handwriting, such as that practiced in Muslim art and writing.
Term
dissent
Definition
to disagree, especially with the accepted doctrine of an established religion
Term
emir
Definition
a prince, chieftain, or governor, especially in the Middle East
Term
empire
Definition
a political unit often made up of a number or territories, states, or nations, ruled by a single supreme authority
Term
faction
Definition
a group of persons forming a minority in disagreement with the larger group
Term
legacy
Definition
something handed down from an ancestor; something from the past
Term
shaikh
Definition

respected elder of a tribe

Term
hanif
Definition

a group of Arabs living in Arabia

Term
suq
Definition
open-air marketplace
Term
Ka' bah
Definition
a cube-shaped shrine created by Abraham and Ishmael
Term
Allah
Definition
the Arabic word for God
Term
Hijrah
Definition
the migration to Medina
Term
hadith
Definition
words and deed of Muhammad
Term
jihad
Definition
to struggle
Term
jizya
Definition
head tax
Term

Canon of Medicine

Definition
a vast medical encyclopedia
Term
The Guide for the Perplexed
Definition
a book that explained the basic nature and the philosophy of Judaism
Term
The Five Pillars of Islam
Definition
Belief, Prayer, Charity, Fasting, Pilgrimage
Term
The 5 Pillars of Islam:
Belief
Definition
You must state that Allah is the only god and that Muhammad is his prophet.
Term
The Five Pillars of Islam:
Prayer
Definition
You MUST pray towards Makkah 5 times a day.
Term
The Five Pillars of Islam:
Charity
Definition
You must donate and share with the poor.
Term
The Five Pillars of Islam:
Fasting
Definition
On the day of Ramadan, you may not eat any foods from dawn to dusk.
Term
The Five Pillars of Islam:
Pilgrimage
Definition
You must visit Makkah once in your lifetime.
Term
Abu Bakr
A.D. 632 - A.D. 634
Definition
Friend of Muhammad; early believer of Islam
Faced 2 problems:
1. Flase prophets claim to be sucessors of Muhammad.
2. Sucession(break apart from something) of Arabic tribes after Muhammad's death
Expanded the Muslim community into parts of Byzantine and Persian Empires.
Term
Umar
A.D. 634 - A.D. 644'
"Fighter"
Definition
He expands the Muslim Empire to Arbia, Iraq, Western Persia, Syria, Palestine, and parts of North Africa.
Creates tax system:
$ goes to:
Education, the needy, police department.
Murdered by a non-muslim Persian slave.
Term
Uthman
A.D. 644 - A.D. 656
Definition
Muhammad's son-in-law.
Kind personality.
First Years= peaceful
BUT had financial problems because he didn't expand.
Compilation of Quran
144 Chapters
He only appointed Umayyads, his clan, to office.
Murdered by Egyptian rebel, this starts a civil war.
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