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Islam Definitions
AP world definitions
41
History
12th Grade
12/06/2010

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Term
Trans- Saharan Slave Trade
Definition
Arab slave trade in western Asia, north Africa and parts of Europe.
Term
Imam
Definition
Person in the muslim faith who leads prayer in the Mosque.
Term
Umma
Definition
Muslim community tied together by religion.
Term
Caliphate 
Definition
Successor of Muhammad. Religious ruler and chief of Muslim life.
Term
Sultan
Definition

Muslim ruler (king)

*In Turkey

Term
Shah
Definition
King of Iran
Term
Arabian Peninsula
Definition
Between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf and is importance for its oil.
Term
Mecca
Definition
City in Western Saudi Arabia. Holiest city of Islam and the birth place of Muhammad. K'aba is placed here.
Term
Medina
Definition
Site of the tomb of Muhammad; the second most holy city of Islam.
Term
Moors
Definition
Members of northwestern African Muslim people mixed berber and Arab decent. Conquered Iberian Peninsula in the 8th century.
Term
Iberian Peninsula
Definition
Southwestern peninsula of Europe that contains Spain and Portugal conquered by the moors in the 8th century.
Term
Cordoba
Definition
City in Andalusia in Southern spain, founded by Carthaginians under moorish rule from 711-1236
Term
Alhambra Palace
Definition
Palace/Fortress complex constructed during the mid 14th century by the moorish ruler Emirate of Granda.
Term
Baghdad
Definition
Capital of Iraq, located on the Tigris River and was the center of the Arab and Muslim world during the Abbasid caliphate.
Term
Mamluks
Definition
Slave soldier for the Abbasid; they later conquered  Egypt.
Term
Seljuks
Definition
Member of Turkish dynasty that ruled the Asia minor in the 11th -13th century, Invaded the Byzantine Empire and defended holy land against crusaders
Term
Saracens
Definition
Arab nomad in the syrian and Arabian deserts at the time of the crusades.
Term
Topkapi
Definition
Palace in Istanbul turkey, was the home of the sultans for 400 years.
Term
Berber
Definition
Member of indigenous people in north Africa.
Term
Almohads
Definition
member of the berber muslim movement and dynasty that conqured spansih and north African empire of the Almoravids in the 12th century.
Term
Ibn Battuta
Definition
Muslim scholar and traveler who is known for his travels. Tehy were known as the  Rilla.
Term
1453
Definition
Constantinople captured by the ottoman Muslims.
Term
Arabian Nights
Definition
A collection of folktales in Arabic dating from the 10th century.


Term
Toledo/Cordoba
Definition
City in Andalusia in Southern Spain. Founded by Carthaginians under Moorish rule from 711 to 1236. Renowned for architecture.
Term
Byzantine Empire
Definition
Eastern half of the Holy Roman Empire. Remained under the rule of Constantine. Greek speaking; centered capital on Constantinople.
Term
Ghana
Definition
 Country in West Africa, Southern coast line borders on the Atlantic Ocean. Part of the Gold Salt Trade.
Term
Mali
Definition
Country in West Africa, South of Algeria. Took part in the Gold Salt Trade.
Term
Songhai
Definition
African state of West Africa; one of the largest African empires in history.
Term
Trans-Saharan Gold-salt trade
Definition
Trade across the Sahara desert between Ghana, Nali, and Songhai. Traded gold and salt.
Term
Timbuktu
Definition
Town in Northern Mali. Major trading center for gold and salt on the Trans-Saharan gold-salt trade. Center for learning.
Term
Mansa Musa
Definition
Was an African ruler from Mali. He went to Mecca, gave money, and prayed in Mosques.
Term
1300's
Definition
Mansa Musa
Term
Ibn Battuta
Definition
Was a Moroccan Berber Muslim scholar and traveller who is known for the account of his travels and excursions called the Rihla.
Term
Ottomans
Definition
A Turk from the Islamic Empire. North of Mesopotamia.
Term
Constantinople
Definition
Former name of Istanbul from AD 330. Named after Constantine the Great. Captured by the Turks in 1453.
Term
Abbasid Caliphate
Definition
Was the third of the Islamic Caliphates of the Islamic Empire. It was ruled by the Abbasid dynasty of caliphs, who built their capital in Baghdad after overthrowing the Umayyad caliphs from all but Al Andalus.
Term
Spanish Umayyads
Definition
Muslim dynasty that ruled the Islamic world from 600 AD to 750 AD and Moorish Spain from 756 to 1031. Claimed a decent relation to Muhammad.
Term
Madrasa
Definition
A center or school for Islamic religious and cultural studies.
Term
Ibn Rushd
Definition
An Andalusian- Arab philosopher and physician, a master of philosophy and Islamic law, mathematics, and medicine.
Term
Andalusia
Definition
A region in southern Spain on the Atlantic and the Mediterranean; formerly a center of Moorish civilization.
Term
Anatolia
Definition
A peninsula in southwestern Asia that forms the Asian part of Turkey; bounded by the Black, Aegean, and Mediterranean Seas.
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