Shared Flashcard Set

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intro to the classical period
flashcards for world history
17
History
Undergraduate 1
09/29/2013

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
“Classical Traditions” or “Wisdom traditions”
Definition
– Culture
– Religion
Term
• Expansion of civilization beyond river valleys
Definition
– Territories
•China spread beyond Yellow River
•Greece and later Rome – Mediterranean culture
•Northern India
– Huge population increases
Term
Tension between local control and Empires
Definition
– Rome, Qin and Han, Alexander and the Hellenistic states, Persian, Mauryan and
Gupta
Term
• Political Integration
Definition
– Systems of administration and bureaucracy
– Empires support the spread of the “Classical Traditions” in their empires, esp. for
elites
Term
Beginnings of world-wide trading networks
Definition
– Silk road
– Red Sea – Indian Ocean trade
– Technological innovation
Term
Demography
Definition
Census records from Roman Egypt
 Life expectancy at birth
 Females 25 / Males 23
 The first two years of life have a 30% and 22% mortality rate
Term
 If you survived to the fifth year, the life expectancy rises:
Definition
Females 40 / Males 39
Term
• High mortality rates caused by:
Definition
• Poor nutrition
• Poor sanitation
•Interconnected communities
•No quarantines
Term
Age Distribution
Definition
• Average age: females 27.3 / males 26.2
• 33% of the population under 15
• 61% between 15 and 59
• 6% over 60
• US 13% over 65
Term
Fertility
Definition
 The average woman would have needed to bear 5 to 6 children to maintain the
population
• Exposure limited the number of children (maybe 20% of all births)
Term
– Fate of children exposed:
Definition
•Died
•Adopted
• Became slaves (if 1/3rd of all exposed babies survived and became slaves, then
this may have yielded over 150,000 new slaves per year)
•Justin Martyr claimed that exposed children were the chief source of prostitutes
Term
Break up of the Assyrian Empire
Definition
Lydians in Turkey
•Croesus, metal coins
– Medes in Iran
•Astyages, Harpagos
– Neo-Babylonians in Mesopotamia
•Nebuchadnezzar, Nabonidus
– Egypt
– Persians in southern Iran
Term
The Persian Empire
Definition
Under Cyrus
– Conquest of Median, Lydia, Neo-Babylonian Empires
• Later rulers add Egypt
– Egypt remains rebellious
• Darius I
– Overthrows legitimate successor?
Term
Persian Political Rule
• Divided kingdom into provinces
Definition
– Satrapies
– “King’s eyes and ears”
– Duties of Satraps
•Command armies of the satrapy
• Enforce king’s laws
•Collect Imperial taxes
• “Royal Road”, postal service
• Aramaic
Term
Persian Rule
Definition
4 capitals
• Absolute, hereditary monarch
– Elaborate court
– Proskynesis
– “Great King”, “King of Kings”
• Army
– Elite units – Ten Thousand Immortals
– Provincial Troops
• Zoroastrianism
Term
Zoroastrianism
Definition
• Zoroaster, “Zarathushtra”
• Dualistic – good vs evil –
– Ahura Mazda (son = Mithra) vs. Ahriman (or Angra Mainyu)
– Free will, Hell
– Universal salvation, resurrection
• Fire worship
• No temples (altars)
• Magi
Term
Zoroastrianism
Definition
Monster on Gold Vase Magi
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