Term
| Identify a mare in estrus with what? |
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Definition
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Term
| When do you notify stallion manager to place an order for semen? |
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Definition
| -24-48 hours in advance of breeding |
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Term
| When do you administer hCG or Deslorelin? When will ovulation occur? |
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Definition
-when follicle is at least 35 mm
-ovulation will occur in 36-48 hrs |
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Term
| When do you examine a mare for uterien fluid retention and confirm ovulaiton? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long does estrus last in the mare? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long does diestrus last in the mare? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three types of mares? |
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Definition
-A: ovulate first primary wave follicle
-B: ovulate second primary wave follicle
-C: ovulate secondary wave follicle |
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Term
| What is the relationship b/n constant follicular waves and antral follicles? |
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Definition
| -small antral follicles less than 10mm are continuously growing and regrassing independent of hormone environment |
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Term
| What is a major follicular wave? |
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Definition
5-6 follicles that initially grow in synchrony but eventually dissociate
-single dominant follicle emerges from the cohort of follicles while the rest become atretic |
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Term
| What the dominant follicle regresses, what kind of wave is it? |
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Definition
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Term
| When the dominant follicle ovulates, what kind of wave is it? |
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Definition
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Term
| When does ovulation occur in the mare in regards to estrus? |
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Definition
| 0occurs at the end of estrus |
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Term
| The end of estrus is determined by the concentration of hwat hormone? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do we detect estrus in the mare? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long is diestrus in the mare? |
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Definition
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Term
| What ovarian structure is present during idestrus in the mare? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which phase of the strous cycle is most easily manipulated in the mare? HOw do we most commonly manipulate it? |
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Definition
-diestrus
-end it early with PGF2a |
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Term
| What is Fall Transition in the mare? How long does it last? |
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Definition
-time it takes to go from estrous cyclicity to winter anestrus
-approx 60 days |
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Term
| What are the 3 hallmarks of fall transition? |
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Definition
-prolonged or abbreviated CL function
-hemorrhagic anovulatory follicles (HAFs) make breeding frustrating in fall
-follicle dev only up to 20mm in size |
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Term
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Definition
| -limited ovarian activity with a dec in FSH and LH |
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Term
| Sexual receptivity may still occur during winter anestrus. Why? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Vernal Transition? |
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Definition
-Spring transition where the ovaries become larger and grape luster like
-1-3 anovulatory follicular waves may develop prior to first ovulation of the year |
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Term
| What causes vernal transition? |
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Definition
-inc daylight inc GnRH => stim FSH and LH secretion
-FSH induces follicular dev
-estrogen causes mare to exhibit estrus is abence of P4 but ovulation occurs once LH levels are high enough |
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Term
| Describe the photoperiod required for mares to go into estrus. How early do you have to start it? |
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Definition
-14-16 hours
-8-10 weeks before she will so start Dec |
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Term
| Describe a pasture breeding system. |
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Definition
-let loose
-stallion learns to become respectful and gentle by trial and error
-not uncommon for stallion to sustain significant injuries during his training phase thus not for expensive stallions
-unknown foaling dates |
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Term
| What is a breeding in hand system? |
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Definition
-safer for tallion
-can rstrain mare
-can perform a test mount to test mare's receptivity
-know breeding day |
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Term
| What do we use to collect semen for an artificial insemination? Types? Which is more commonly used? |
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Definition
-AV
-Missourie or Colorado
-Missouri more commonly used |
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Term
| Why do we use cooled transported semen for artificial insemination? |
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Definition
-inc desired genetic tratis by using semen from only genetically superior stallions
-inc number of mares that can be bred to a particular stallion
-dec venereal transmisison of bacteria due to antibiotics in semen extender
-permits semen analysis prior to transport and AI
-reduces stress on mare |
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Term
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Definition
| -works by light to calculate sperm concentration in sample |
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Term
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Definition
| -lysis sperm and dyes nucleus to calculate concentration in your sample |
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Term
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Definition
| -computer assisted sperm analysis to evaluate sperm motility |
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Term
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Definition
| -any sperm cells that show any movement |
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Term
| What is progressive motility? |
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Definition
| -sperm cells htat are actively moving forward or in large circles |
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Term
| How must you prepare to subjectively evaluate sperm? |
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Definition
| -warm slides and coverslips |
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Term
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Definition
| -progressively motile morphologically normal sperm |
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Term
| At what concentration do we ship sperm? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is our goal amount of sperm shipped to each mare? |
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Definition
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