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Intro to CNS
n/a
35
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
10/01/2012

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Cards

Term
What is in the CNS?
Definition
brain and spinal cord
Term
What are the directional terms unique to CNS?
Definition
rostral- toward nose
caudal- toward tail
Term
How does the brain develop?
Definition
arises from rostral part of neural tube; hollow part of tube becomes central cavity of brain
Term
What are the 3 primary brain vesicles in 4-week embryo?
Definition
1. Prosencephalon- forebrain
2. Mesencephalon- midbrian
3. Rhombencephalon- hindbrain
Term
What do the primary brain vesicles divide into?
Definition
5 secondary vesicles
Term
What does the prosencephalon divide into?
Definition
1. telencephalon
2. diecephalon
Term
What does the mesencephalon divide into?
Definition
remain undivided
Term
What does the rhobencephalon divide into?
Definition
1. metencephalon
2. myelencephalon
Term
What structures of the adult brain are derived from the 2ndary vesicle, telencephalon?
Definition
The cerebral hemispheres
Term
What structures of the adult brain are derived from the 2ndary vesicle, diencephalon?
Definition
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus (pineal gland)
Term
What structures of the adult brain are derived from the 2ndary vesicle, Mesencephalon?
Definition
Midbrain
Term
What structures of the adult brain are derived from the 2ndary vesicle, Metencephalon?
Definition
pons and cerebellum
Term
What structures of the adult brain are derived from the 2ndary vesicle, Myelencephalon
Definition
medulla oblongata
Term
Embryonic development of Brain:
-flexion
-wrinkling
Definition
Flexion (bending) of Tube
-cerebral hemispheres envelop the diencephalon and midbrain
-Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata=brain stem
Wrinkling of cerebral hemisperes
-more neurons fit w/in limited space
-Gyri and Sulci
Term
What is lateral to the neural tube during embryonic development?
Definition
Neuroblasts cluster into dorsal (alar**) plates and ventral (basal**) plates
Term
what is the basic plan during embryonic development?
Definition
alar plates become interneurons in CNS
Basal plate becomes motor neurons
Term
Which (alar/basal) do sensory neurons arise from?
Definition
Sensory neurons do NOT come from alar/basal plates, they are from neural crest cells
Term
Ventricles of the brain are-
expansions of -
Filled with-
Lined with-
Continuous with-
Definition
the brains central cavity
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
ependymal cells
continuous w/each other and the central canal of the spinal cord
Term
What is the extracellular fluid of CNS?
Definition
Cerbrospinal fluid
Term
Where is the lateral ventricle?
Definition
located in cerebral hemispheres (divided) Horseshoe shapes (ram horns) from bending of the cerebral hemispheres
Term
Where is the third ventricle?
Definition
lies in diencephalon- connected w/lateral ventricles by interventicular foramen
Term
What does the cerebral aqueduct connect?
Definition
3rd and 4th ventricle, lies in midbrain
Term
Where is the 4th ventricle?
Definition
lies in pons and medulla oblongata
-connects the central canal of the spinal cord.
Term
What does the CSF provide?
Definition
a liquid cushion for the brain and spinal cord; noursishes cells (filtrate of blood)
Term
Where is CSF formed?
Definition
choroid plexuses in brain ventricles
-capillary rich membranes (folded) closely associated w/ ependymal cells
Term
Where and how is CSF returned to blood?
Definition
in dorsal sinuses through arachnoid villi
(500 mL/day)
Term
what are meninges?
Definition
cover and protect CNS
Enclose and protect the vessels that supply the CNS
Contain the CSF
Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
Term
What is dura mater?
Definition
strongest of meninges
dense irregular connective tissue
has 2 layers: fused except to enclose dural sinuses
1. periosteal layer
2. meningeal layer
Term
What is the largest sinus, and what does the dura matter divide?
Definition
superior sagittal sinus
dura mater extends inward to subdivide the cranial cavity
Term
What is the arachnoid mater?
Definition
located beneath dura mater
Term
subdural space=
Definition
potential space between dura and arachnoid mater
Term
subarachnoid space=
Definition
filled with CSF
contains blood vessels that supply brain
Term
arachnoid villi-
Definition
allow csf to pass into the dural blood sinuses
Term
What is the pia mater?
Definition
delicate connective tissue
clings tightly to surface of brain , follows all convolutions of the cortex
Term
What is the blood brain barrier?
Definition
protection of the brain
-prevents most blood-born toxins from entering brain (impermeable capilaries)
Not an absolute barrier-
nutrients such as oxygen pass through
allows alcohol, nicotense and anesthetics through
Tight juntions between cells in brain and capillaries:
-exhange dependednt on transport thru capillary cells (not between cells)
-allows selectivity- theses cells have specific transport proteins
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