Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 3 accessory structures of the eye? |
|
Definition
| Eyelids, conjunctiva, tear ducts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's it called when inflammation involves Meibomian glands and granulation occurs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's inward rolling of the eyes toward the cornea called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's it called when the eyelids roll outwardly, exposing the cornea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye) |
|
|
Term
| Immune-mediated destruction, infections, trauma to tear glands, and removal of a prolapsed gland of a third eyelid can cause what? |
|
Definition
| Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) (dry eye) |
|
|
Term
| T/F Less than 15 mm./min. on the Schirmer Test indicates KCS. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chronic Superficial Keratitis |
|
|
Term
| What's the most common eye disease affecting the lens of the eye? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease can cause cataracts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hypertrophy if the 3rd eyelid's nictitans gland causes this disease. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Surgical replacement of the nictitans gland is a treatment for what disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Excision of the nictitan's gland is not advised for treating cherry eye for what reason? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Basset hounds and beagles are very prone to what condition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the condition when more aqueous fluid is produced than leaves the eye? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Primary glaucoma is inherited and secondary glaucoma is caused by an obstructed drainage system created by another disease process. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Applanation tonometers and Tonopen XL can be used to measure what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does fluorescein dye detect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are corneal ulcers aka? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 layers of the eye (superficial to deepest)? |
|
Definition
| Epithelium, stroma, descendman's membrane. and endothelium |
|
|
Term
| What eye layer absorbs fluorescein dye? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's a Meibomian gland abscess, and is usually caused by a staph. infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acute glaucoma has what tonometer reading? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chronic glaucoma has what tonometer reading? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 15-25 mm./min is a normal Schirmer Tear test result for what species? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 11-23 mm./min is a normal Schirmer Tear test result for what species? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the most common tumor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is swelling of the eyelids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Entropion is more common in cats than dogs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What covers the eye to protect it from injury and produces 50% of lacrimal fluid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Most canine's have decreased outflow of eye fluid, not increased production |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease consists of superficial corneal vascularization and infiltration of granulation tissue in the eye? |
|
Definition
| Pannus (Chronic Superficial Keratitis) |
|
|
Term
| What disease is immune-mediated and affects animals at >5000 ft. elevation? |
|
Definition
| Pannus (Chronic Superficial Keratitis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What results from the loss of both lacrimal glands, is idiopathic, and happens in older dogs? |
|
Definition
| Keratoconjunctivitis sicca |
|
|
Term
| What disease consists of an opaque pupillary opening with a progressive loss of vision? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's inflammation of the uvea (iris, ciliary body, and choroid)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Blind horses can be ridden. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Periodic opthalmia and recurrent uveitis is aka? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease is idiopathic, sufferers have a high lepto titer, and a protein flares can be seen in the anterior chamber of the eye? |
|
Definition
| Moon blindness aka Periodic opthalmia aka recurrent uveitis |
|
|
Term
| What's the most common ocular abnormality in neonatal lambs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the most common lens abnormality in sheep and goats? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What heart chamber recieves blood from the pulmonary veins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What wave occurs during atrial contraction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What wave occurs during repolarization of the ventricles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does PVC represent in cardiac issues? |
|
Definition
| Premature ventricular contraction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens when blood returning to the heart can't be pumped at the rate matching the body's need? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Large breed, older male dogs can experience a disease of dilation of all 4 chambers of the heart due to flabby, weak, and thin cardiac muscle, causing decreased cardiac ouput. |
|
Definition
| Canine Dilated Cardiomyopathy |
|
|
Term
| What drug is used to increase cardiac contractility and output in DCM cases? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F There is a easy cure for DCM. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease is caused by a taurine deficiency in cats? |
|
Definition
| Feline Dilated Cardiomyopathy |
|
|
Term
| Why should you avoid administering I.V. fluid replacement for cats experiencing DCM? |
|
Definition
| It can cause pulmonary edema or pulmonary effusion |
|
|
Term
| What are propranalol and diltiazem used to treat? |
|
Definition
| Feline Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy |
|
|
Term
| A hypertrophic cardiomyopathy cat with a heart beat less than 200 bpm has a better prognosis than greater than 200 bpm. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do 90% of saddle thrombi or thromboembolisms lodge inside the cat's circulatory system? |
|
Definition
| Distal aortic trifurcation |
|
|
Term
| What cat issue has an acute onset of rear leg pain & paresis, cold-bluish foot pads, and lack of palpable rear limb pulses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease has a "machinery-sounding" heart murmur that can be heard in young patients? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Congestive heart failure, seen in young kittens, can be caused by what congental condition? |
|
Definition
| Atrial and ventricular septal defects |
|
|
Term
| Where is the bacteria located that can cause chronic mitral valve insufficiency? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Sinus arrhythmia is a normal occurence in dogs but not cats. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What heart rate increases on inspiration and decreases upon expiration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the intermediate host/vector of canine heartworm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What microfilaria "thrash"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug is used to treat adult heartworm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug is the active ingredient in Feline Revolution heartworm preventative? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What horse shouldn't you ride? |
|
Definition
| Horse with endocarditis or valvular disease |
|
|
Term
| What is a slow heart rate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a fast heart rate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens during ventricular contraction and atrial repolarization? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What occurs when there's no P wave or poor contraction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is heart contraction and relaxation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are aortic, mitral, pulmonic, and tricuspid examples of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an abnormal swishing sound in the heart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What heart rhythm can be heard with Dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What condition results with a failing heart which allows fluid congestion and edema to accumulate in the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease results from a thickening left ventricle (hypertrophy)? |
|
Definition
| Canine Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy |
|
|
Term
| What heart condition can cause cats to die suddenly when handled? |
|
Definition
| Feline Dilated Cardimyopathy (DCM) |
|
|
Term
| High platelet reactivity causes what in cats? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What condition develops when the heart septum fails to close completley in neonates? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What defect does blood typically shunt from left to right, overloading the right side of the heart? |
|
Definition
| Atrial septal defect (ASD) |
|
|
Term
| What defect does the left side of the heart is overloaded and enlarged? |
|
Definition
| Ventral septal defect (VSD) |
|
|
Term
| T/F Stenotic valves are genetic. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the most common dog cardiovascular disorder and is rare in cats? |
|
Definition
| Chronic mitral valve insufficiency |
|
|
Term
| What is commonly seen in large breed dogs, athletic, and brachiocephalic dogs under anesthesia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long after infection can microfilaria be detected in the blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Difil Filter test, the modified knott's test, and the SNAP test are used to detect what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Cats have mostly adult heartworms. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Heartgard, interceptor, sentinel, revolution, and advantage can be used to treat what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's common in foals (congenital) or in mature horses (degenerative or infectious)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What valvular disease causes stenosis of the heart valves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease could cause sudden death in a horse and you shouldn't ride them? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of vascular disease has sudden death as the only clinical sign in horses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's infectious canine tracheobronchitis aka? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What infections are typically self-limiting in adult cats but can be fatal in kittens? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A dry, harsh, goose-honk cough that worsens with exercise, is seen in older, obese, or toy dogs is due to what respiratory disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of medication are hydrocodone and lomotil in regards to collapsing trachea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| High-dose long-term corticosteroid therapy and bronchodilators are used to treat what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's an extremely contagious feline herpes virus? |
|
Definition
| Feline viral rhinotracheitis |
|
|
Term
| What's a hardy, highly contagious, feline virus know for having clinical signs of oral ulcers, pneumonia, and diarrhea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What bacteria causes pneumonia, nasal discharge, fever, anorexia, weight loss, and death in ruminants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where should you insert a needle for a thoracocentesis? |
|
Definition
| 7th or 8th intercostal space (just above costochodral junction) |
|
|
Term
| What can be transmissed by sneezing, grooming, and contaminating bowls, toys, and bedding? |
|
Definition
| Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis |
|
|
Term
| What's the most common route of infection for Blastomycosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease displays these symptoms?: Anorexia, depression, fever greater than 103F, cough, dyspnea, ocular, and nasal discharge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inhalation via soil or from bird or bat droppings is the most common route of exposure to what disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cryptococcus neoforms, transmitted via inhalation, is found in what animal's droppings? |
|
Definition
| Avians (pidgeons commonly) |
|
|
Term
| Rotting vegetation, sewage, compost piles, and moldy seeds/grain can transmit what disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Blastomycosis, aspergillus, cryptococcus, and coccidiodomycosis are what type of disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do thyroid and mammary gland tumors usually metastasize to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Trauma, infections, abscesses, exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage, and tumors are the primary cause of what in horses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Equine Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease aka? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What highly contagious disease is transmitted by streptococcus equi? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What medicine should be used to treat oestrus ovis flies that migrate to the sinuses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Feline heartworm causes more severe symptoms. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's fluid build-up in the pleural space? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is budding yeast surronded by a mucoid capsule that is spread by inhalation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Primary lung tumors are common. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What % of lung tumors are adenocarcinomas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What horses disease has an allergy component with airway constriction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes equine influenza? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the most common equine viral respiratory disease? |
|
Definition
| Equine viral rhinopneumonitis |
|
|
Term
| Hypothyroidism is most common in ______? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hyperthyroidism is the most common in ____? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease can cause cataracts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should not be shaken and refridgerated upon arrival? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Cushing's disease aka? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Addison's disease aka? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does FLUTD stand for? |
|
Definition
| Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease |
|
|
Term
| What urinary crystals are square or diamond shaped? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What uroliths have long skinny crystals? |
|
Definition
| Struvite (Triple phosphorus) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What pet, besides dogs, can get insulinomas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What equine disease displays a shaggy, poorly-shedding haircoat, muscle wasting, weight loss, and recurrent laminitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What usually causes canine cystitis? |
|
Definition
| Bacterial urinary tract infections |
|
|
Term
| What cats are most predisposed to bladder stones (uroliths)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a build-up of toxins in the blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Uroliths are common in dogs. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's common in older pets, irreversible, and has a progressive decline in renal function? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Cats are more affected by chronic renal failure than dogs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What urinary problem are older, spayed females, and intact males predisposed to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What're postpartum mares predisposed to? How should it be treated? |
|
Definition
| Urinary bladder prolapse and replace bladder and avoid rupture |
|
|
Term
| What urinary disease is mostly seen in wethers, rams, and bucks that are on high-concentrate feed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease do beta cells in pancreas quit adequate production of insulin or when tissues in the body become resistant to insulin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type I or II diabetes: Insulin-dependent diabetes that affects 100% of dogs and 50% of cats? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type I or II diabetes: Non-insulin dependent diabetes that affects 50% of cats |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Hill's diet should be fed to pets with diabetes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F High levels of glucose is no good but low glucose can be fatal. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can bee fed to quickly rise glucose levels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does hypocalcemia cause? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What gland produces adenocorticotrophic hormone? (ACTH) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What regulates cortisol levels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease has symptoms of polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, pot-bellied appearance, panting, obesity, and muscle weakness? |
|
Definition
| Cushing's disease aka hyperadrenocorticism |
|
|
Term
| What test should you run to see if a patient has cushing's disease or addison's disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What equine disease is very common and in horses from late teens to early twenties? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Hypoadrenocorticism is uncommon. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should be considered for a middle-aged female dog that is vomiting? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What endocrine issue is rarely seen in dogs unless it's a neoplasia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Surgical removal of the thyroid and injection of this is used to treat hyperthyroidism. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Decreased metabolic rate and thyroid gland atrophy is aka? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is inflammation of the gum tissues? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| St. Bernards and bulldogs are likely to get this. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F When a dog eats caustic plants, you should induce vomiting. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Perscribing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is the main cause of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gastric dilation/volvulus is seen in what type of dogs? |
|
Definition
| Deep-chested, large, and giant breeds |
|
|
Term
| What is an over extended expansion of the stomach? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is when an distended stomach flips on itself? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is mucoid saliva that accumulates in SQ tissue after damage to the salivary duct or gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a cyst on the underside of the tongue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What gastric neoplasm is most commonly found in dogs? |
|
Definition
| Intestinal adenocarcinomas |
|
|
Term
| What's it called when a smaller diameter, anterior portion of intestine slides into a larger, more distal portion of the intestine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Cats are more prone to megacolon than dogs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease |
|
|
Term
| 30 x 19.1 (bdy wt. in kg.) = 573 + 70 = 643 (calories) x 1.5 = 964.5 calories/day represents what? |
|
Definition
| Resting Energy Requirement (RER) "Healthy animal" |
|
|
Term
| What canine disease is known as "blue eye"? |
|
Definition
| Infectious canine hepatitis |
|
|
Term
| L. canicola, L. icternohemorrhagica, and L. pomona are what type of disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's Fatty Liver Disease known as in cats? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's blood from the GI trat that bypasses the liver, therefore, it has toxins that cause damage to the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease is autoingestion of the body's own tissue by malfunctioning digestive enzymes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the best method of prevention of canine perianal gland tumors and hernias? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What're sharp points on the 1st and last maxillary teeth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What're sloping surfaces on the 1st and last mandibular teeth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This process uses rasps and files to correct uneven enamel wear? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can be caused by feeding sheep a goat's food? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is distension of the left side of a cow's abdomen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The trochar needle to the rumen and the ______ tube can be used to treat bloat. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What're the 6 accessory organs of the digestive system? |
|
Definition
| Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, pancreas, and gall bladder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What dental work includes scaling, polishing, antibiotics, and extractions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Papillomas are malignant. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What benign tumor tends to be smooth and near teeth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should be used to neutralize toxins in the stomach? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Inflammatory bowel disease is immune-mediated. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What zoonotic disease can diarrhea be associated with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Constipation is common in dogs and cats. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Hill diets should be fed to patients with constipation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 70-80% of the liver compromised causes what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Elevated levels of ALT, Bilirubin, and Alk. phosphorus can cause what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does adenovirus 1 cause by oro-nasal transmission? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Leptospirosis is zoonotic. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What idiopathic liver problem is most common in cats? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What equine issue causes food to come out the nose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 80% of these are seen in race/show horses. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is equine abdominal pain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What equine diarrhea disease is aka Potomac horse fever? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What forestomach holds food to regurgitate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What forestomach has honeycombed folds and houses reticulitis and hardware disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What forestomach has long folds that absorb h2o? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What forestomach are most nutrients absorbed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Bloat is more common in sheep than goats. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What species produce coccidosis in cattle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is disuse or neurogenic atrophy of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles of horses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| [30 x BW(kg)+70]x 1.5 = ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
