Term
|
Definition
Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Muscle tissue
Nerve tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Forms boundaries between different
environments, protects, secretes, absorbs, filters
• Skin surface (epidermis)
• Lining of GI tract organs and other hollow organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Supports, protects, binds
other tissues together
• Bones
• Tendons
• Fat and other soft padding tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Internal communication
• Brain, spinal cord, and nerves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Contracts to cause movement
• Muscles attached to bones (skeletal)
• Muscles of heart (cardiac)
• Muscles of walls of hollow organs (smooth) |
|
|
Term
| Epithelial Tissue; Two main types (by location): |
|
Definition
Covering and lining epithelia
On external and internal surfaces
Glandular epithelia
Secretory tissue in glands |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue: |
|
Definition
Cells have different functions on different surfaces
* apical (upper, free)
* basal (lower, attached) surfaces
Apical surfaces may bear microvilli or cilia
Noncellular basal lamina of glycoprotein and collagen lies adjacent to basal surface |
|
|
Term
| 2 sides of epithelial tissue |
|
Definition
apical; upper or free; may have microvilli or cilia
basal; lower, attached |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue: |
|
Definition
Are composed of closely packed cells
Continuous sheets held together by tight junctions and desmosomes
Supported by a connective tissue reticular lamina (under the basal lamina)
Avascular but innervated
High rate of regeneration |
|
|
Term
| Four classes of connective tissue |
|
Definition
Connective tissue proper
Cartilage
Bone
Blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| denotes a substance with a glass-like appearance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Most abundant and widely distributed tissue type |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a group of naturally occurring proteins found in animals, especially in the flesh and connective tissues of mammals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a formative part, as the corium beneath a nail;
the intercellular substance of a tissue. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a fibrous tissue;It has 3 main components; cells, fibers, and extracellular matrix. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a flexible connective tissue found in many areas in the bodies of humans and other animals, including the joints between bones, the rib cage, the ear, the nose, the elbow, the knee, the ankle, the bronchial tubes and the intervertebral discs. |
|
|
Term
| Functions of connective tissue |
|
Definition
Binding and support
Protection
Insulation
Transportation (blood) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Same origin – Mesenchyme tissue
Varying degrees of vascularity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ) the meshwork of embryonic connective tissue in the mesoderm from which are formed the connective tissues of the body and the blood and lymphatic vessels. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Skeletal muscle
Mechanical Energy – attached to bone or skin
Cardiac muscle
automated - in heart only
Smooth muscle
Automated – in walls of hollow organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| digestive tract, veins arteries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
striations and Intercalated discs
uninucleate; branched |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
straitions
Contractile units
multinucleate |
|
|
Term
| Special Characteristics of nervous tissue |
|
Definition
Irritable tissue
Transmits electrical energy
RMP is essential! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
squamous
cuboidal (pseudo & regular)
columnar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The lining of lymphatic vessels, blood vessels, and heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The epithelium of serous membranes in the ventral body cavity |
|
|
Term
| describe Transitional epithelium |
|
Definition
Resembles both
stratified squamous and stratified
cuboidal; basal cells cuboidal or
columnar; surface cells dome
shaped or squamouslike, depending
on degree of organ stretch. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| have ducts (endocrine glands don't)more numerous than endocrine glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A gland is one or more cells that makes and secretes an aqueous fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Multicellular exocrine glands are composed of |
|
Definition
| a duct and a secretory unit |
|
|
Term
| Multicellular exocrine glands are classified by: |
|
Definition
Duct type (simple or compound)
Structure of their secretory units (tubular, alveolar, or tubuloalveolar) |
|
|
Term
| serous membranes (internal) |
|
Definition
| line and enclose several body cavities, known as serous cavities, where they secrete a lubricating fluid which reduces friction from muscle movement. |
|
|
Term
| Special Characteristics of CT |
|
Definition
Varying degrees of vascularity
Cells separated by nonliving extracellular matrix (ground substance and fibers) |
|
|
Term
| Structural Elements of Connective Tissue |
|
Definition
ground substance
collagen fibers
cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Collagen (white fibers)
Strongest and most abundant type
Provides high tensile strength
Elastic
Networks of long, thin, elastin fibers that allow for stretch
Reticular
Short, fine, highly branched collagenous fibers |
|
|
Term
| Examples of CT Cell types |
|
Definition
Examples of Cell types
Fibroblasts in cartilage – high tensile strength fibers
Chondroblasts in cartilage – gel type matrix
Osteoblasts in bone – calcium/ phosphorus -matrix
Hematopoietic - in bone marrow
leukocytes& erythrocytes
Adipocytes - fat storage vacules/no matrix |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dense regular
Dense irregular
Elastic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Matrix as in areolar,
but very sparse; closely packed
adipocytes, or fat cells, have
nucleus pushed to the side by large
fat droplet. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Provides reserve food
fuel; insulates against heat loss;
supports and protects organs. |
|
|
Term
| CTP RETICULAR description: |
|
Definition
Network of reticular
fibers in a typical loose ground
substance; reticular cells lie on the
network. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fibers form a soft internal
skeleton (stroma) that supports other
cell types including white blood cells,
mast cells, and macrophages. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Primarily parallel
collagen fibers; a few elastic fibers;
major cell type is the fibroblast. |
|
|
Term
| CTP DENSE: TENDONS AND LIGAMENTS |
|
Definition
: Primarily parallel
collagen fibers; a few elastic fibers;
major cell type is the fibroblast. |
|
|
Term
| CTP: Dense irregular: Joint Capsules |
|
Definition
: Primarily
irregularly arranged collagen
fibers; some elastic fibers;
major cell type is the fibroblast. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
: Dense regular
connective tissue containing a high
proportion of elastic fibers. |
|
|
Term
| Three types of cartilage: |
|
Definition
Hyaline cartilage
Elastic cartilage
Fibrocartilage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Amorphous but firm
matrix; collagen fibers form an
imperceptible network; chondroblasts
produce the matrix and when mature
(chondrocytes) lie in lacunae.
covers the ends
of long bones in joint cavities; forms
costal cartilages of the ribs; cartilages
of the nose, trachea, and larynx. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Similar to hyaline
cartilage, but more elastic fibers
in matrix.
Supports the external
ear (pinna); epiglottis. |
|
|
Term
| Cartilage: Fibrocartilage |
|
Definition
: Matrix similar to
but less firm than that in hyaline
cartilage; thick collagen fibers
predominate.
: Intervertebral discs;
pubic symphysis; discs of knee
joint. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hard, calcified
matrix containing many collagen
fibers; osteocytes lie in lacunae.
Very well vascularized.
Function: Bone supports and
protects (by enclosing);
provides levers for the muscles
to act on; stores calcium and
other minerals and fat; marrow
inside bones is the site for blood
cell formation (hematopoiesis). |
|
|
Term
| Skeletal Muscle Characteristics |
|
Definition
long & cylindrical
Striated
Contractile units
Multi-nucleate
Voluntary control |
|
|
Term
| Cardiac Muscle - Characteristics |
|
Definition
Branching
Striated
Intercalated discs
Uni-nucleate
Involuntary control |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an identifying feature of cardiac muscle. Cardiac muscle consists of single heart muscle cells (cardiomyocytes) which have to be connected by intercalated discs to work as a functional organ. |
|
|
Term
| Smooth Muscle - Characteristics |
|
Definition
no visible striations
spindle shape
uni-nucleate
Involuntary |
|
|
Term
| Nervous Tissue - Characteristics |
|
Definition
Highly irritable
Transmits electrical energy
RMP is essential!
long processes (sensory & effector)
Many support cells (neuroglia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inflammation
Organization and restored blood supply
Regeneration and fibrosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Release of inflammatory chemicals
Dilation of blood vessels
Increase in vessel permeability
Clotting occurs
This stops the leakage of blood and holds the tissue edges together and isolates the injured area = infection barrier |
|
|
Term
| 2. Organization and restored blood supply: |
|
Definition
The blood clot is replaced with granulation tissue
Epithelium begins to regenerate (scab)
Fibroblasts produce collagen fibers with some elastin fibers to pull the edges together and to bridge the gap
Debris is phagocytized
Infection control is on going (local leukocytosis) – also granulation tissue resists bacteria chemically |
|
|
Term
| 3. Regeneration and fibrosis |
|
Definition
The scab finally detaches
Fibrous tissue matures; epithelium thickens and begins to resemble adjacent tissue
Results in a fully regenerated epithelium – may have underlying scar tissue depending upon the severity and depth of the wound. |
|
|
