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| The ten term governor of NYC |
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| What did DeWitt Clinton accomplish? |
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| He devised a plan to develop Manhattan into a single massive grid, and he proposed building the Erie Canal |
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| How did the Erie Canal affect America/NYC? |
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| Before the canal, goods could only flow south, but now goods from the midwest and great plains could be sent to NY. Thanks from Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, and Buffalo. |
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| Boss Tweed ...Grand Sachem of tammany hall, an ex-fireman. |
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| A corrupt political machine that bought the votes of immigrants |
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| The new boss of tammany hall who placed robert wagner and al smith in charge of the factory investigating commission. |
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| The Tenement House Act of 1901 |
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| Made apartments clean up! |
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| Came to NY to make his fortune with the freak show / carnival. It was the first use of Madison Square Garden. |
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| an architect who specialized in tall luxury apartment buildings in the early 20th century. |
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| a stretch along Broadway and 6th avenue full of great shopping! |
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| introduced color printing and comics |
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| took advantage of new high speed rotary presses to increase readership by hundreds of thousands. |
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| purchased the New York Times and raised the level of reporting in 1896. Now the Times is one of the most powerful and prestigious. |
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| a nationally known restaurant based on the parisian model. |
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| Opposed Catholic immigration altogether and believed it a sinister papal conspiracy aimed at bending democracy to the will of Rome. |
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| Describe the population in the four decades following 1825 |
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| Population grows from about 200,000 to almost a million. Slaves were probably the earlier immigrants, followed by Irish immigrants in the 1600s and 1700s. |
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| What are some obstacles faced by the immigrating Irish? |
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| These protestant Irish came, but were not accepted by the English/native americans. They were thought of as foreigners who drank and fought too much. A mob arose in 1718 to prevent their landing. They tended to stick together, but they assimilated quickly. |
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| Little Germany: a 40,000 large community of german immigrants. |
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| What obstacles did Catholic Irish face? |
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| Their religion, peasant culture, and rebelliousness against the english made it easy to discriminate against them. |
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| The American minister in London who opposed Irish immigration. He feared that they would "disfigure our true national character." |
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| John Pintard / John Quincy Adams: Friend or Foe of Catholic immigration? |
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| FOE! Apparently, they thought there were too many of them here already. |
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| Why did the Irish immigrate? |
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1. Potato Famine of the 1840s
2. English Oppression in Ireland! |
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| Ghettos in Boston, NY, and other cities where Irish settled. |
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| How did the Irish come to P-p-p-power? (hint: three p's) |
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1. Politicians
2. Police men / judges
3. Priests
Their large numbers gave them tremendous political power. |
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| What immigrants followed the Irish? |
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| Eastern, Central, and Southern European immigrants: Russians, Italians, Jews, Portuguese, Greeks, and Poles. |
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| What kind of obstacles did the Russians/italians/portuguese/greeks/poles/jews face? |
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| They had a more difficult time than the irish because their physical and cultural differences made it easier to identify them as "strangers." |
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| Why did the second wave of immigrants choose to immigrate? |
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1. American Industry required more workers
2. It was now cheaper/easier to come
3. Peasant life was very harsh |
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| What kind of work did immigrants usually end up with? |
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| Manual labor, since everything was industrialized and many were unskilled in anything else. Child labor was normal. |
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| How did society react to the new immigrants? |
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-They focused on the physical attributes, claiming fairer skin/hair and earlier arrival dates meant superiority.
-Growing anti-semitism?
-Eugenics was becoming popular. |
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| What group of immigrants was most prominent between 1880 and 1920? |
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| Italians! They did lots of manual labor. |
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| How were the Italians treated in America? |
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| as "black." Think segregation, ridiculous rules. in 1899, five italian storekeepers were hanged for the "crime" of treating blacks and whites the same way. The italians were lynched in some southern areas. |
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| Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Venzetti |
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| Sacco was an immigrant shoe factory worker, Vanzetti was a fish peddler. Both were charged/convicted of robbery, murder, and anarchy. |
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| How did Italians assimilate? |
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| They often changed their names to help speed up the assimilation process. |
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| Why were many opposed to the war? |
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| They were opposed more to the draft. It brought a climax to tensions between social classes. |
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| You could buy your way out...for $300. People hated it = Riot. The Irish rioters blamed the blacks for the war and. |
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| People hated the draft, especially Irish Catholics, who blamed the blacks for the war, and went on a ridiculous riot...it was bloody. Think Death Eaters at the World cup. |
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| How did Boss Tweed / Tammany Hall come to power? |
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| Boss Tweed came to power by helping poor NYers buy their way out of the draft using a special low-interest loan. |
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| Tammany Hall...what did it do? |
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| They offered help to immigrants by providing jobs/shelter/food/coal in exchange for loyalty at the polls. |
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| What did Tweed bring to NYC? |
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| Lots of public works: parks, streets, bridges, hospitals, and schools. He became a huge landowner, and managed to rip the city out of millions. |
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| How was Tweed brought down? |
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| Thomas Nas was an artist who sabotaged the Tammany Ring in the pages of Harper's Weekly with crude caricatures. Also, he was the one guy living in luxury while the rest of the city was in debt--he got careless. He also started double-crossing members of the Tweed ring, and when a county auditor died in a sleigh accident, the Times began to investigate. They discovered the scams and the Ring began turning on each other. |
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| How is Fernando Wood significant to Boss Tweed? |
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| Tweed studied the methods/politics of Fernando wood. |
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| Mayor of NYC in 1869, friend of ol' Tweedy. |
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| City Chamberlain, another member of the Tweed Ring. "Brains Sweeney" since he was a smarty pants. |
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| City Comptroller and financial adviser to the Tweed ring. AKA Slippery Dick. |
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| presiding judge of State Supreme Court...Tweed's "Fixer." |
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| justice of the supreme court and the only Jew in the tweed ring. |
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| a judge of the superior court who tried to nullify the federal draft act. |
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| a county auditor who died in a sleigh accident, provoking the New York Times to investigate and eventually discover the Tweed Ring and the scams. |
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| The photographer who documented/exposed the slumminess of the slums. |
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| What area of Manhattan was the most densely populated around 1900? |
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| He financed the subway project/Inter-borough Rapid Transit Company |
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| Mayor in 1904. Opened the subway station 30ft below the city...the fare was a nickel. |
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| The Firm of McKim, Mead, and White |
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| designed Penn Station / Grand Central Station |
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| What significant event occured at the Great Hall of Cooper Union on November 22, 1909? |
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| 3,000 women gathered and voted to strike and petition for better work conditions. |
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| over 60,000 workers went on strike (cloak maker's union). For the first time in history, an entire industry in NYC was shut down and its owners forced to listen. They settled it with the Protocol of Peace. |
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| owners of the Triangle Shirt-waist company who had locked their employees in to die in the fire. They were put on trial for manslaughter...and acquitted. The prosecution couldn't prove that they Knew the doors were locked. |
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| Designed the brooklyn bridge |
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| Bill _ool /Bill the Butcher |
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| fought Irish Immigrants. He didn't want anyone there except the original americans. |
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| the most dangerous slum where gangs were rooted. |
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| Because of the competition between fire companies to be the first to a fire (and therefore the first compensated for putting it out), companies would send Plug-Uglies to get there first and guard the fire hydrants, usually by putting a barrel over the hydrant and sitting on it. The press named them, though. |
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| the first politician elected by gang/mob members. Fernie. Mayor 1855. |
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| a gangster who warred against paul kelly, vice versa |
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| put an end to the gang war between monk eastman and paul kelly. He forced them to make peace. |
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