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Intro & Nematodes
Parasitology
31
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
01/13/2010

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Cards

Term
What are the main characteristics of superfamily Rhabditoidea?
Definition
  • Common Name: Facultative parasites
  • Most are free-living, but a few are accidentally facultatively or periodically parsitic
  • Eggs are small, thin-shelled, & larvated
  • Rhabditiform esophagus in free-living adults
  • Small, thin parasites
Term
What are the main characteristics of superfamily Anclystomoidea?
Definition
  • Common Name: Hookworms
  • Males have caudal copulatory bursa
  • Buccal capsule is large, heavly sclerotized, & armed with cutting plates, teeth, or lancets
  • Feed by sucking blood
  • Eggs thin-shelled & in morula stage
  • Anterior end curved dorsad
  • Live in the small intestine of host
  • Most species migrate in definitive host
Term
What are the main characteristics of superfamily Strongyloidea?
Definition
  • Common Name: Strongyles
  • Males have caudal copulatory bursa
  • Buccal capsule is large & heavily sclerotized
  • Eggs thin-shelled & in morula stage
  • Mouth directed anteriorly & surrounded by a corona radiata
  • Live in the large intestine of the host
  • Life cycles direct
  • Both migratory & non-migratory
Term
What are the main characteristics of superfamily Trichostrongyloidea?
Definition
  • Common Name: Trichostrongyles
  • Males have caudal copulatory bursa
  • Bucaal capsule is reduced
  • Eggs thin-shelled & in morula stage
  • Parasitic in the GI tract of vertebrates
  • Life cycles direct
  • Non-migratory
Term
What are the main characteristics of superfamily Metastrongyloidea?
Definition
  • Common Name: Lungworms
  • Males have caudal copulatory bursa (smaller than strongyoidea & trichostrongyloidea)
  • Buccal capsule is small
  • Usually leave the definitive host as larvae rather than as eggs
  • Usually occur in the lungs of mammals
  • Life cycle commonly indirect
  • Migratory in definitive host
Term
What are the main characteristics of superfamily Ascaroidea?
Definition
  • Common Name: Ascarids
  • Large, stout worms of the small intestine
  • 3 conspicuous lips around the mouth opening
  • No buccal capsule
  • Direct or indirect life cycle depending on species
  • Eggs have a thick albuminous shell
  • Most species migrate in definitive host
Term
What are the main characteristics of superfamily Oxyuroidea?
Definition
  • Common Name: Pinworms
  • Medium size worms w/ slender, sharp-pointed tails in females
  • No buccal capsule
  • Conspicuous muscular bulb on posterior end of esophagus
  • Live in posterior portion of large intestine
  • Eggs thin-shelled, asymmetrical
  • Life cycles direct- no migration
Term
What are the main characteristics of superfamily Filarioidea?
Definition
  • Common Name: Filarial worms
  • Esophagus divided into anterior muscular & posterior glandular portions
  • Life cycle indirect
  • Males frequently have a spirally coiled tail
  • Parasitic outside the enteric tract in the body tissues (e.g. connective tissue, blood vessels, etc.)
  • Long, thin worms w/ a small mouth & no buccal capsule, pharynx, or lips
  • Females produce microfilariae (1st stage larvae)
  • Migrate in the definitive host
Term
What are the main characteristics of superfamily Dioctophymoidea?
Definition
  • Common Name: Kidney worm
  • Stout worms w/ long cylindrical esophagus
  • Lips & buccal capsule reduced
  • Female w/ a single ovary (both sexes w/ single gonad)
  • Male w/ one spicule & a terminal sucker
  • Eggs deeply sculptured or pitted, with polar plugs
  • Life cycle indirect
  • Migrate in definitive host
Term
What are the main characteristics of superfamily Trichinelloidea (Trichuroidea)?
Definition
  • Common Name: Whip-like worms, stichosome worms, or capillary worms
  • Anterior end more slender than posterior
  • Lips & buccal capsule absent or much reduced
  • Esophagus a very long, fine tube embedded mostly in a column of glandular cells (called a stichosome)
  • Female w/ single ovary (both sexes w/ single gonad)
  • Many species produce eggs w/ polar plugs
  • Life cycle direct or indirect depending on species
Term
What are the definitive and paratinic hosts of Ancylostoma caninum?
Definition
  • D.H. = dogs & wild canidae
  • P.H. = rodents, etc.
Term
What are the adult and egg sizes of Ancylostoma caninum?
Definition
  • Male= 11-13 mm
  • Female= 14-21 mm
  • Eggs = 55-65 X 35-40 um
Term
What is the pre-patent period of Ancylostoma caninum?
Definition
  • 2-3 weeks
Term
What are the modes of infection by Ancylostoma caninum?
Definition
  • Skin penetration by L3
  • Ingestion of L3
  • Ingestion of paratinic host
  • Lactogenic
Term
What happens with Ancylostoma caninum as animals get older?
Definition
  • Fewer larvae complete the life cycle
  • Larvae go into hypobiosis
  • Hormonal cues will wake up the larvae, they go into mammary glands, & then into puppies through milk
Term
What are the clinical signs of Ancylostoma caninum infection?
Definition
  • Lethargy, melena, anemia, pale mucous membranes, listlessness, emaciation, dehydration, respiratory signs, death
Term
How do you diagnose Ancylostoma caninum infection?
Definition
  • Fecal float, clinical signs, age of dog
Term
What is the treatment for Ancylostoma caninum infection?
Definition
  • Pyrantel pamoate (treat every 2 wks.), fluids, warm electrolytes, B12, high protein diet, blood transfusions, iron supplementation
Term
How do you prevent and control Ancylostoma caninum infections?
Definition
  • Prevent predation, pick up feces, prophylaxis
  • Maybe Fenbendazol 50 mg/kg frmo 40th day of gestation to 14th day of lactation for pregnant dogs
Term
What is a problem with control of Ancylostoma caninum?
Definition
  • Larval leak- hypobiotic worms wake up in response to the absence of worms in the intestines and go there
  • Can make dewormer appear ineffective (but its not true)
Term
What are the definitive and paratinic hosts of Ancylostoma tubaeforme?
Definition
  • D.H. = cats
  • P.H. = rodents, etc.
Term
What are the sizes of the adults and eggs of Ancylostoma tubaeforme?
Definition
  • Male = 9-11 mm
  • Female = 12-15 mm
  • Eggs = 55-65 x 35-42 um
Term
What is the pre-patent period of Ancylostoma tubaforme?
Definition
  • 3 weeks
Term
What genera are in Ancylostomoidea?
Definition
  • Ancylostoma
  • Uncinaria
  • Bunostomum
  • Globocephalus
Term
What genera are in superfamily Rhabditoidea?
Definition
  • Rhabditis
  • Halicephalobus
  • Stongyloides
Term
What genera are in superfamily Strongyloidea?
Definition
  • Strongylus
  • Chabertia
  • Oesophagostomum
  • Stephanurus
  • Cyathostomes
Term
What genera are in superfamily Trichostrongyloidea?
Definition
  • Trichostrongylus
  • Ostertagia
  • Telodorsagia
  • Haemonchus
  • Cooperia
  • Nematodirus
  • Hyostrongylus
  • Ollulanus
Term
What genera are in superfamily Metastrongyloidea?
Definition
  • Dictyocaulus
  • Aelurostrongylus
  • Filaroides
  • Oslerus
  • Muellerius
  • Protostrongylus
  • Metastrongylus
Term
What genera are in superfamily Ascaroidea?
Definition
  • Ascaris
  • Parascaris
  • Toxocara
  • Toxascaris
Term
What genera are in superfamily Oxyuroidea?
Definition
  • Oxyuris
  • Skjabinema
  • Probstmayria
  • Enterbius
Term
What genera are in superfamily Filaroidea?
Definition
  • Dirofilaria
  • Dipetalonema
  • Elasophora
  • Onchocerca
  • Parafilaria
  • Setaria
  • Staphanofilaria
  • Dracunculus

(Don't have to know past Dipetalonema)

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