Term
| What is the most common intestinal parasite in shelter dogs in the US? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common intestinal parasite in shelter cats in the US? |
|
Definition
| -feline roundworm (T. cati) |
|
|
Term
| What geographic region of th eUS has the highest prevalence of parasite infection among shelter dogs and cats? Why? |
|
Definition
-Southeast
-Environment and pet population is less cared for as a whole |
|
|
Term
| Why is there a difference in the prevalence of parasite infection between shelter animals and those under veterinary care? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -a close association (symbiosis) b/n two different species of organisms, one of which, the parasite, depends on the other, the host, deriving some benefit from it without necessarily damaging it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -the course of developmental changes through which an organism passes from its inception as a fertilized zygote to the mature state in which another zygote may be produced |
|
|
Term
| Definition: Direct Life Cycle |
|
Definition
| -a arasite is transmitted directly from one definitive hose to the next WITHOUT an intermediate host (the environment does not count as a host) |
|
|
Term
| Definition: Indirect Life Cycle |
|
Definition
| -an intermediate host is required for the transmission of parasite from one definitive host to the next |
|
|
Term
| Definition: Definitive host |
|
Definition
| -the hose in which the parasite reached maturity and undergoes SEXUALreproduction (can be a vert or invert) |
|
|
Term
| Definition: Intermediate host |
|
Definition
| -ordinarily, a necessary host and one in which only the asexual or immature stages occur |
|
|
Term
| What kind of life cycle does ancylostoma caninum have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the definitive host of dirofilaria immitis? Intermediate host? |
|
Definition
-definitive= dogs
-intermediate= mosquitos |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Although mosquitos are the traditional intermediate host of dirofilaria immitis (heartworm), they are not necessary for their life cycle if a suitable replacement intermediate host is found. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Definition: Reservoir host |
|
Definition
| -an infected animal serving as a source from which other animals can become infected |
|
|
Term
| Definition: Paratenic host |
|
Definition
| -a potential host in where there is NO REQUIRED development of the immature parasite but the organism remains infective for the definitive host |
|
|
Term
| Definition: Accidental host |
|
Definition
-parasite in unusual or abnormal hose
=?aka incidental or aberrant host |
|
|
Term
| True or False: While a paratenic host can serve as a reservoir host, it is not required for transmission. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -the presence of parasites within a host |
|
|
Term
| Definition: Prepatent period |
|
Definition
-time during which developmental stages of parasites have not been produced to give evidence of their presence
-time from exposure to the development of any detectable markers |
|
|
Term
| Definition: Patent period |
|
Definition
| -point at which infectious/parasitic agent produces evidence (such as eggs, larvae, or oocysts) of their presence |
|
|
Term
| Definition: Infection does not necessarily mean disease. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -a specific morbid process that has a characteristic set of signs: may affect iehter the entire body or any part of the body |
|
|
Term
| Definition: Clinical disease |
|
Definition
| -the one that you can measure and see |
|
|
Term
| Definition: Subclinical disease |
|
Definition
| -not as easily observed, the subtle effect of parasitism (ex: weight loss, dec in performance, etc) |
|
|
Term
Definition: Pathogenicity
-dependent on? |
|
Definition
-the ability to cause disease
-dependent on number of parasites, strain or spp of parasites, host immune status |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -invasion by parasites (generally restricted to ectoparasites) on the OUTSIDE of the host |
|
|
Term
| What type of organism is included on the class Trematoda? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of organism is included in the phylum Nematoda? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of organism is included in the phylum Ancanthocephala? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of organism is included in the class cestoda? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of organism is included in the phylum Platyhelminthes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Physically describe the general nematode. |
|
Definition
-sensory organs (amphids) around head
-unsegmented
-bilaterally symmetrical
-elongated
-tapered at both ends |
|
|
Term
| Describe he digestive tract of the typical nematode |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Outline the general nematode life cycle |
|
Definition
| one cell=> morula=> vermiform embryo=>first stage=>second stage=>tird stage=>fifth stage (adult) |
|
|
Term
| Which stage of the general nematode life cycle is infectious? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do most nematodes reproduce sexually or asexually? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the general structure of a vermiform embryo |
|
Definition
| -worm-like structure with cells inside, but cells have not differentiated into any organs yet |
|
|
Term
| What is a bursa on a nematode? |
|
Definition
| -male copulatory organs used to clasp the female |
|
|
Term
| What is unusual about nematode sperm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the definitive host of ascaris suum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the definitive host of Ascaris lumbricoides? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the definitive host of Parascaris equorum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the definitive host of Toxocara canis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the definitive host of Toxocara cati? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the definitive host of Toxocara vitulorum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the definitive host of Toxascaris leonine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the definitive host of Bayliscaris spp? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the definitive host of Baylisascaris procyonis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the definitive host of Ascaridia galli? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the definitive host of Heterakis gallinarum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the basic morphology of Ascarids. |
|
Definition
-roundworms
-thick bodies
-adults are pale in color
-large, females much larger than males
-non-bursate and males have hook for copulation |
|
|
Term
| How many lips do ascarids have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the site of infection of an adult acarid? Juvenile? |
|
Definition
-SI
-migrate extensively: SI=>Liver=>heart=> lungs=>GI tract=> SI |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 potential routes of an ascarids life cycle? |
|
Definition
1) definitive host: dog
2)ingested in intermediate host, then ingested by definitive host
3) ingested by accidental host
4) passed on via transplacental or transmammary routes |
|
|
Term
| What is the rate of egg production of a female ascarid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How well do ascarid eggs fare in the environment? |
|
Definition
-extremely well
-resistant to heat and coold
-can last for years
-resistant to chemicals |
|
|
Term
| What is the prepatant period of the ascarid Toxocara canis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the prepatent period of the ascarid Toxocara cati? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the prepatent period of the ascarid Toxascaris leonine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the prepatent period of the ascarid Ascaris suum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the prepatent period of the ascarid Parascaris equorum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the prepatent period of the ascarid Baylisascaris procyonis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the definitive host of Baylisascaris procyonis? An alternate definitive host? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why do ascarid eggs appear rough? |
|
Definition
| -protein coat that makes them very sticky |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 locations to which an ascarid larva will potentially migrate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What clinically occurs in an ascarid larva migrates to the liver or kidneys? |
|
Definition
| -scarring, hemorrhagic tract, milk spots due to healing with fibrinogen |
|
|
Term
| What clinically occurs if an ascarid larva migrates to the lungs? |
|
Definition
-verminous pneumonia due to antigenic pulmonary edema
-nasal discharge in foals
-puppies of 2-3 days die |
|
|
Term
| Where do adult ascarids migrate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical consequences of adult ascarid migration? |
|
Definition
-vomiting (with worms)
-mucoid diarrhea, pot-belly, contributes to malnutrition, pain abdomen, rough hair coat, failure to thrive, blocked bile ducts |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 types of aberrant larval migration of ascarids? |
|
Definition
-VLM: visceral larva migrans
-OLM: ocular larva migrans
-CNS diseases |
|
|
Term
| How do you diagnosis ascarids? |
|
Definition
-check vomit, check feces, necropsy, fecal float
-transtracheal aspirate in foals with respiratory disease due to ascarids to catch worms after they leave alveoli |
|
|
Term
| What is the definitive host of Ascaris suum? How is it different that A. lumbricoides? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the site of infection of Ascaris suum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is Ascaris suum common? Where? In whom? |
|
Definition
-yes
-everywhere but US
-in outdoor pigs (fecal contamination) |
|
|
Term
| Outline the life cycle of Asscaris suum. |
|
Definition
-Definitive: eggs are passed in feces-->2-4 wks growth--> ingested--> larva start in liver-->lungs (4-6d)-->SI
-Paratenic: egg--> ingested--> stay larva |
|
|
Term
| What is the prepatent period of Ascaris suum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is special about the transmission pattern of Ascaris suum? |
|
Definition
| -NO TRANSPLACENTAL OR TRANSMAMMARY |
|
|
Term
| Describe the pathogenesis due to migrating juvenile Ascaris suum |
|
Definition
-mechanical detruction of tissue: resp distress, focal hemorrhages
-Hypersensitivity (immunologic rxn): hyperemia, edema, eosinophilic
-fibrosis lesions on liver |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs due to adult Ascaris suum? |
|
Definition
-interference with proper nutrition and growth: weight loss
-diarrhea
-occasional occlusion or perforation
-reduce growth rate |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose Ascaris suum? |
|
Definition
-fecal float
-oval, color irrelevant, pitted thick shell |
|
|
Term
| About ___ of the world's populations are/have been infected with A. lumbricoides. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the common name for Parascaris equorum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the definitive host of Parascaris equorum? |
|
Definition
| -equine species: horses and donkeys |
|
|
Term
| What is the site of infection of Parascaris equorum? |
|
Definition
-adults in SI
-juveniles migrate extensivly |
|
|
Term
| Is parascaris equorum common? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the life cycles of parascaris equorum? Anything special? |
|
Definition
-ground-->ingested-->liver-->lungs-->SI etc
-NO TRANSPLACENTAL OR TRANSMAMMARY TRANSMISSION |
|
|
Term
| What is the prepatent period of parascaris equorum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the pathogenesis of parascaris equorum? |
|
Definition
-Juveniles: migrate causing resp distress, nasal discharge
-adults cause: moderate enteritis/colic, subnormal growth, dull hair coat |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnosis parascaris equorum? |
|
Definition
-Patent infections: fecal float
-Prepatent infections: coughing and greyish-white nasal discharge or endoscopy receals frothy mucous in upper air passages |
|
|
Term
| What is the definitive host of Toxocara canis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the site of infection of Toxocara canis? |
|
Definition
-adults: SI
-juveniles migrate extensively |
|
|
Term
| Is toxocara canis common? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many lips does toxocara canis have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adult female Toxocara canis are about __in long? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is physically defining about toxocara canis? |
|
Definition
| -big cervical alae (wing-like projections) |
|
|
Term
| KNOW THE LIFE CYCLE OF TOXOCARA CANIS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the pathogenesis of Toxocara canis |
|
Definition
-Migrating juveniles cause respiratory disease (2-3 day old pups get it via transpacental transmission)
-heavy infection of worms in SI: tender abdomen and pt belly |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Adult dogs are less susceptible to Toxocara canis infections. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do we identify toxocara canis? |
|
Definition
-fecal float: ptted but smaller and dark
-necropsy, vomitus, 5 in long, lanceolate cercival alae
-Prepatent infections: clinical signs and age |
|
|
Term
| What is the definitive host of toxocara cati? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the site of infection of toxocara cati? |
|
Definition
-adults= sI
-juveniles migrate extensively |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is special about Toxocara cati's life cycle? |
|
Definition
-no agre-related immunity
-no prenatal infections
-iffy on transmammary infections |
|
|
Term
| What is the prepatent period of toxocara cati? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| KNOW THE LIFE CYCLE OF TOXOCARA CATI |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the pathogenesis for Toxocara cati. |
|
Definition
-NO TRANSPLACENTAL TRANSMISSION: resp signs in newborn kittens are absent
-nursing kittens may obtain heay infections fro transmammary transmissiongs
-clinical signs: abdominal distension and distress, chronic ill thrift |
|
|
Term
| How do we identify toxocara cati? |
|
Definition
-float: thick pittd outer wall, but slightly smaller that toxocara canum
-adults: 3 in long and arrow-shaped cervical alae |
|
|
Term
| What is the definitive host of toxascaris leonine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the site of infection of toxascaris leonine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the distribution of toaascaris leonina. |
|
Definition
| -worldwide but uncommon in domestic cats and dogs |
|
|
Term
| Describe the egg of toxascaris leonina. |
|
Definition
| -single cell zygot, thick shell, SMOOTH like a ping pong ball |
|
|
Term
| Name a paratenic host of toxascaris leonina. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Like Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonine requires somatic migration. |
|
Definition
| FALSE, toxascaris leonine does not require somatic migration |
|
|
Term
| What is special about toxascaris leonina's life cycle? |
|
Definition
| -no transplacental nor transmammary transmission |
|
|
Term
| What is the PPP for toxascaris leoniina? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of toxascaris Leonia? |
|
Definition
| -minor: pot-belly and unthrifty |
|
|
Term
| How do we identify toxascaris leonina? |
|
Definition
-fecal float: thick smooth outer wall and lighter in color
-adults: 2.5 in longs, lanceolate-shaped cervical alae |
|
|
Term
| What is the definitive host of Toxocara vitulorum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the site of infection of toxocara vitulorum? |
|
Definition
-adults: SI
-larga: VLM not pathogenic in cats |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 modes of transmission of Toxocara vitulorum? Which is primary? |
|
Definition
-ingestion of embryonated eff or transmammarial
-ransmammarial |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common definitive host of Baylisascaris spp? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an alternate definitve host for Baylisascaris spp? |
|
Definition
| -dogs (lesser extent children: causes development of neurological disease) |
|
|
Term
| True or Fale: Bayliscascaris procyonis does not undergo extensive migration in the definitive host, but does migrate in paratenic hosts . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the size of Baylisascaris procyonis eggs? Describe their eggs? |
|
Definition
-76 by 60 um
-pitted surface but finer that T. canis |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 major public health significances of infection via L3 ascarid eggs? |
|
Definition
-VLM: occurs in children with a history of pica; due to Toxocara spp
-OLM: due to Toxocara spp
-Neurologic disease: CNS migration; due to Baylisascaris |
|
|
Term
| Are Oxyuroidea bursate or non-bursate nematodes? Do the males have spicules? |
|
Definition
-non-bursate
-males have spicules |
|
|
Term
| How do pinworms differ from ascarids? |
|
Definition
-have an esophageal bulb: serves as pump to bring food into body agaist internal hydrostatic pressure
-long tapering tail |
|
|
Term
| What is the definitive host of Oxyuris equi? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the definitive host of Enterobius vermicularis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do oxyurids have an indirect or direct lifestyle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Oxyurids are not very host specific. |
|
Definition
| -FALSE; very, very host specific |
|
|
Term
| What is the primary site of infection of Oxyuris equi? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is Oxyuris equi common? Is there any difference between the sexes? |
|
Definition
-very common
-males are very rarely seen because they are so small |
|
|
Term
| Describe the life cycle of Oxyris equi. |
|
Definition
| -DIRECT: females cement eggs to skin and hair=> eggs require 4-5d for dev=> tansmission through ingestion of infective eggs |
|
|
Term
| Is there any age-dependent susceptibility for Oxyuris equi? |
|
Definition
-NO
-most common in horses <18m but in all |
|
|
Term
| What is special about the prepatent period of Oxyuris equi. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the pathogenicity of Oxyuris equi. |
|
Definition
-abdominal discomfort
-pruritus ani (itchy ass)
-bare patches at buttocks and tail (from scratching) |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose Oxyuris equi? |
|
Definition
-look for eggs on flotation (may or may not be seen)
-Scotch tape method around anus |
|
|
Term
| Describe the adult Oxyuris equi. |
|
Definition
-thick, stout body
-females are larger
-3 lips
-bulbed esophagus |
|
|
Term
| Describe the eggs of Oxyuris equi. |
|
Definition
-85-95um X 40-45um
-ovoid, asymmetrical
-polar plug |
|
|
Term
| What is the public health significance of Oxyurids? |
|
Definition
-THEY ARE NOT, I REPEAT, NOT, ZOONOTIC
-CATS AND DOGS DO NOT HAVE PINWORMS |
|
|
Term
| Is Trichinelloidea a bursate or non-bursate nematode? Do the males have spicules? |
|
Definition
-non-bursate
-males have spicules |
|
|
Term
| What are the three primary genera of Trichinelloidea? |
|
Definition
-Trichuris
-Capillaria
-Trichinella |
|
|
Term
| Does Trichuris have a direct or indirect life cycle? Location in host? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where can Capillaria be found in the host? |
|
Definition
| -epi of airways, urinary bladder, liver, and intestines |
|
|
Term
| What is special about Trichinells? |
|
Definition
| -NEVER OUTSIDE A HOST ANIMAL |
|
|
Term
| What is the host and rate of occurrence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the definitive host of T. vulpis? Is it zoonotic? What is its occurrence? |
|
Definition
-canines
-yes, zoonotic
-common |
|
|
Term
| What is the definitive host of T. suis? Is it zoonotic? What is its occurrence? |
|
Definition
-swine
-not zoonotic
-common |
|
|
Term
| What is the definitive host of T. discolor? Is it zoonotic? What is its occurrence? |
|
Definition
-cattle
-not zoonotic
-common |
|
|
Term
| What is the definitive host of T. ovis? Is it zoonotic? What is its occurrence? |
|
Definition
-sheep, goats, cattle
-not zoonotic
-common |
|
|
Term
| What is the definitive host of T. campanula/serrata? Is it zoonotic? What is its occurrence? |
|
Definition
-felines
-not zoonotic
-rare |
|
|
Term
| What is the definitive host of T. trichiura? Is it zoonotic? What is its occurrence? |
|
Definition
-humans, other primates
-zoonotic
-common, but rare in U.S. |
|
|
Term
| What is the sciencey name for whipworms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are whipworms called whipworms? |
|
Definition
-anterior end: long thin; esophagus
-Posterior end: thick; contains reproductive organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -donut-shaped cells that are stacked into a row in the neck region of Trichuris spp |
|
|
Term
| Do male Trichuris spp have spicules? |
|
Definition
| -males have a single spicule |
|
|
Term
| What is the site of infection of Trichuris spp? |
|
Definition
-adults live in cecum, colon
-burrow their anterior end into mucosa |
|
|
Term
| Do Trichuris spp have a direct or indirect life cycle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the route of transmission of Trichuris spp? |
|
Definition
| -oral-fecal route of transmission |
|
|
Term
| Describe the pathogenesis of Trichuris. |
|
Definition
-physical damage to colonic and cecal mucosa
-hemorrhagic colitis/typhilitis
-hyperemic mucosa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -inflammation of the cecum |
|
|
Term
| Definition: Hyperemic mucosa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
prepatent periods
infectious stages: L three
common hosts
int host- snail or small woodlen creature
how is it transmitted
nothing on test that he didn't go over, all on slides, go chat with him to prioritize before the test
very straightforward |
|
Definition
| do the chart, know the chart, breathe the chart, be the chart |
|
|
Term
| How do you diagnosis Trichuris infection? |
|
Definition
-eggs during fecal flotation
=> sensitive to specific gravity of flotation solution |
|
|
Term
| Describe a Trichuris egg. |
|
Definition
-barrel-shaped and symmetrical
-bipolar plugs
-brown with smooth shell wall |
|
|
Term
| Why is diagnosis of Trichuris infection via eggs tricky? |
|
Definition
-eggs shed in low numbers
-long prepatent period
-may need to repeat fecal examination
=>sensitive to specific gracity of flotation solution |
|
|
Term
| Is there any age acquired immunity with Trichuris vulpis? |
|
Definition
| -tend to find them in older dogs due to their long prepatent period preventing early diagnosis HOWEVER there is no real age acquired immunity |
|
|
Term
| Does Trichuris vulpis have a direct or indirect life cycle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is prepatent period of Trichuris vulpis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is relatively special about Trichuris vulpis eggs? Are they more or less resistant in the environment than Ascarid eggs? |
|
Definition
-about 6 y
-less resistant |
|
|
Term
| Are older or younger pigs more susceptible to Trichuris suis infection? |
|
Definition
-younger pigs are more susceptible
-older animals tend to have protective immuntiy |
|
|
Term
| What is the classic presentation Trichuris suis? |
|
Definition
| -feeder pig with profuse watery-bloody diarrhea |
|
|
Term
| what is the occurrence of T. campanula/serrate in the U.S.? Where is it found? |
|
Definition
-rare
-found in Southeastern Florida, Caribbean |
|
|
Term
| Cats with "whipworms" more likely infected with _________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is there any age-acquired immunity with whipworm infections? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the management options with whipworm infections? |
|
Definition
-move pen
-pave yard/pen
-routine fecal pick-up
-routine deworming |
|
|
Term
| What are the hosts of capillarids? |
|
Definition
| -wide variety of vertebrate |
|
|
Term
| what are the sites of infection of Capillarids? |
|
Definition
-small intestines, trachea, liver, urinary bladder, nasal sinuses; depends on species
-embedded in mucosal membrane |
|
|
Term
| Look on I drive for quizzes in Path |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the distribution of Capillarids? |
|
Definition
| -found throughout the world |
|
|
Term
| Describe the appearance of adult Capillarids. |
|
Definition
-small and thin with a stichosome; males have single spicule
-adults are long and slender but are NOT whip-shaped like Trichuris |
|
|
Term
| Compare/contract Trichuris and Capillarid eggs |
|
Definition
| -Capillarid eggs are similar to Trichuris but are smaller, have pitted-shells, asymmetrical, and lighter in color and polar plugs look scrunched in |
|
|
Term
| What is the nasal capillarid? Where is it found in the host? |
|
Definition
-Eucoleus (capillaria) bohmi
-found in mucosa of frontal sinuses; dogs, cats, and foxes |
|
|
Term
| What is the bronchial capillarid? Where is it found in the host? |
|
Definition
-Eucoleus aerophilus
-bronchial mucosa; dogs, cats, and foxes |
|
|
Term
| What is the urinary capillarid? Where is if found in the host? |
|
Definition
-Pearsonema plica and Pearsonema feliscati
-mucosa of urinary tract
-P. plica: dogs, cats, and foxes
-P. feliscati: cats |
|
|
Term
| Does eucoleus have a direct or indirect life cycle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Eucoleus spp infections are usually subclinical. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you diagnose Eucoleus spp? |
|
Definition
-look for eggs
-bipolar-lugged eggs on fecal float |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose E. aerophilus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the life cycle of Pearsonema direct or indirect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Outline the life cycle of Pearsonema spp. |
|
Definition
-ingested by earthworm, L1 hatches
-earthworm ingested by definitive host
-migrates to bladder and develops to adult |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Pearsonema infections are usually subclinical. Where are they in the host? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When diagnosed, how are Pearsonema infections diagnosed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe Pearsonema eggs. |
|
Definition
-rough in appearance
-bipolar plugs
-single cell inside |
|
|
Term
| What is the clinical significance of Trichinella spp? |
|
Definition
| -important zoonotic disease |
|
|
Term
| What are the hosts of Trichinella spp? |
|
Definition
| -ANY MAMMAL CAN BECOME INFECTED; but predominantly in carnivores and omnivores |
|
|
Term
| What is the site of infection of Trichinella spp? |
|
Definition
-adults in SI
-juveniles in muscle |
|
|
Term
| What is the distribution of Trichinella spp? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the significance of Trichinella spiralis in North America? |
|
Definition
-linked to domestic swine/humans
-the main concern with people eating undercooked pork meat
-very rarely seen in wild swine |
|
|
Term
| What is the significance of Trichinella native and Genotype T6 in North America? |
|
Definition
-maintained in wildlife (especially in Artic areas)
-CAN SURVIVE FREEZING
-T6 in more temperate areas |
|
|
Term
| What is the significance of Trichinella murrelli in North America? |
|
Definition
-wildlife, temperate areas of N.America
-NOT wild pigs, COMES FROM BEARS
-seen in 5% of coyotes in OK |
|
|
Term
| What is the significance of Trichinella pseudospiralis in North America? |
|
Definition
-NON-ENCAPSULATING
-infects birds AND mammals
-does not form a collagen capsule
-found highest in Tasmanian devils and second in Florida panthers |
|
|
Term
| Describe the adult morphology of Trichinella spp. |
|
Definition
-females are about 3X the sizes of males
-very short-lived: only about a month |
|
|
Term
| What is special about Trichinella spp males? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are L1 Trichinella spp found in the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the domestic cycle of Trichinella spiralis. |
|
Definition
-pig to human
-much less common in US now |
|
|
Term
| Describe the sylvativ cycle of Trichinella spiralis. |
|
Definition
-wildlife=>human
-consumption of bears are responsible for most cases in US |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose Trichinella in the US? Why is it less common? |
|
Definition
-not done routinely, but done via meat inspection (muscle compression)
-we campaigned to cook our pork |
|
|
Term
| Id Dioctophymoidea a bursate or non-bursate nematode? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the definitive host of Dioctophyme renale? Intermediate? Paratenic? |
|
Definition
-DH: Mink are natural hosts; wild canids
-IH: aquatic annelids
-PH: frogs or fish |
|
|
Term
| What is the site of infection of Dioctophyme renale? |
|
Definition
| -right kidney (can spread to left) |
|
|
Term
| Describe the distribution of dioctophyme renale. |
|
Definition
-Western hemisphere
-most prevalent in eastert States, Great Lakes, and much of Canada
-occurs in OK and TX |
|
|
Term
| Where are adult Dioctohyme renale found in the definitive host? Where are eggs seen? |
|
Definition
-adults in kidney
-eggs in urine |
|
|
Term
| How long does it take dioctophyme renale to ecome L3 for infective ingestion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the PPP for Dioctophyme renale in the dog? In the mink? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long do Dioctophyme renale adults live? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the pathogenesis of Dioctophyme renale. |
|
Definition
-the parasite grows in the kidney destroying the parenchyma of this organ
-the left kidney can compensate for the other
-if both kidneys get infected the host dies |
|
|
Term
| Describe Dioctophyme renale eggs. |
|
Definition
| -thick and rough shell, barrel-shaped |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose Dioctophyme renale on a radiograph? |
|
Definition
| -abnormally large right kidney |
|
|
Term
| Are ancylostomatoidea and stongyloidea bursate or non-bursate nematodes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 superfamilies enveloped by the term "Strongylid"? What kind of organisms are these and do they have a direct or indirect lifestyle? |
|
Definition
-Ancylostomatoidea: hookworms; direct life cycle
-Strongyloidea: large and small strongyles; direct life cycle
-Trichostrongyloidea: of ruminants; direct lifestyle
-Metastrongyloidea: lungworms; indirect life cycle |
|
|
Term
What is the DH and facial characteristic of:
a) Ancylostoma caninum
b) Ancylostoma tubaeforme
c) Ancylostoma braziliense
d) Uncinaria stenofephala
e) Bunostomum spp |
|
Definition
A) DH=dogs, teeth
b) cats, teeth
c)dogs and cats, teeth
e) dogs, plates
f) ruminants, plates |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of hookworm infection? |
|
Definition
-hemorrhagic enteritis: dark, tarry, bloody feces
-hemorrhagic anemia |
|
|
Term
| The extent of hookworm disease depends on what 3 factors? |
|
Definition
1) magnitude of challenge
2) virulence of species
3) host immune and nutritional status |
|
|
Term
| Which hookworm is the most pathogenic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Definition: Hemolitic anemia |
|
Definition
| -anemia due to destruction of RBC's |
|
|
Term
| Definition: Hemorrhagic anemia |
|
Definition
| -anemia due to loss of blood |
|
|
Term
Describe the following of Ancylostoma caninum:
a) host(s)
b) distribution
c) morphology |
|
Definition
a) dogs, wild canids
b) wordwide, up to 80% of dogs in US
c) 3 pairs of teeth and large buccal cavity |
|
|
Term
| What is exceptional about the eating habits of ancylostoma caninum? |
|
Definition
| -most voracious blood feeder and thus the most pathogenic of the hookworms |
|
|
Term
| Outline the Life cycle of Ancylostoma caninum. |
|
Definition
-Adult in SI=> reproduce=>eggs pass via feces=> eggs hatch 24-48 hrs in env=> L3 infective stage=> ingestion/transmammary/skin penetration
***NOT TRANSPACENTAL |
|
|
Term
Definition: Larval leak
-which parasite exhibits this? |
|
Definition
| -some larva get stuck in muscle tissue until the adults in the SI dies and thus the larva replace them |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Eggs of Ancylostoma caninum development is dependent on lower temperatures and moisture levels. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the PPP of Ancylostoma caninum? |
|
Definition
-If ingested= 2w
-If penetration= 1m |
|
|
Term
What are the following characteristics of Ancylostoma tubaeforma:
a) host(s)
b) distribution
c) morphology |
|
Definition
a)DH=cats/PH=rodents
b)worldwide, up to 25% of cats
c) 3 pair of teeth, large buccal cavity |
|
|
Term
| Describe the lifecycle of Ancylostoma tubaeforme. |
|
Definition
ingestion of L3s from environment OR ingestion of infected PH OR skin penetration
***no transmammary transmission
***no arrested L3s |
|
|
Term
Describe the following for Ancylostoma braziliense:
a) host(s)
b) distribution
c) morphology |
|
Definition
a) dogs, cats
b) tropical areas: in sandy areas
c) 1 pair of teeth, large buccal cavity |
|
|
Term
| What are the two routes of infection of Ancylostoma braziliense? |
|
Definition
1) ingestion of L3s from environment
2) skin penetration of L3s |
|
|
Term
Describe the following of Uncinaria stenocephala:
a) host(s)
b) distribution
c) morphology
d) route(s) of infection |
|
Definition
a) dogs and cats
b) areas of freezing temperatures, the North
c) cutting plates, large buccal cavity
d) ingestion of L3 from environment ONLY |
|
|
Term
| What is the common name for Uncinaria stenocephala? |
|
Definition
| -the Northern hookworm (L3s can survive freezing) |
|
|
Term
Describe the following for Bunostomum:
a) host(s)
b) distribution
c) morphology
d) routes of infection |
|
Definition
a) ruminants
b) rare in N. America, found in SE US
c) cutting plates, large buccal cavity
d) ingestion of L3 from env, skin penetration |
|
|
Term
| Describe the general pathogenesis of hookworms |
|
Definition
| -directly related to amount of blood loss caused by worms (which is dep on size of hookworms) |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 categories of hookworm disease? Describe them. |
|
Definition
1) Peracute (rapid and violent): pups infected while nursing; enemic with dark, tarry, and red bloody feces (NO EGGS)
2) Acute (rapid not violent): sudden exposure to older puppies; clinical signs may precede visible eggs
3) Chronic (compensated): subclinical, carriers, eggs in feces, anemic
4) Secondary (decompensated): usually older and malnourished animals, hookworm infection is secondary to other problems, profound anemia |
|
|
Term
| How does dermatitis present with hookworm disease? |
|
Definition
-older dogs exposed to larve in environment
-swollen, painful footpads; hyperkeratosis
-cattle, sheep, and goats exposed to larvae: foot stomping, pruritus |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose infection of hookworms? |
|
Definition
-fecal flotation
-find adults at necropsy
-presumptive in newborns, thus deworm routinely |
|
|
Term
| True or False: The more parasite eggs that are present in the fecal flotation, the more parasites are present in the host. |
|
Definition
| FALSE, number of eggs visible does NOT correlate to the number of parasites. |
|
|
Term
| What is the public health significance of hookworms? |
|
Definition
-Cutaneous larva Migrans (CLM): aka creeping eruption and plumber's itch: hypersensitivity reaction when larvae attempt to invade skin of humans; area of body in contact with ground
-Eosinophilic enteritis: dev of A. caninum is SI of humans; abdominal pain; fecal negative |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 divisions of Strongyles? Which organisms belong in each division? |
|
Definition
-Small strongyles: syathostomins
-large strongyles: Strongylus spp
-Stephanurus dentatus: kidney worm
-Oesophagostomum spp: nodular worm |
|
|
Term
| What is the main similarity b/n all strongyles? |
|
Definition
| -they all have the same egg: like hookworm egg but larger |
|
|
Term
| What are the principal parasitic pathogens of horses? |
|
Definition
| -small strongyles aka cyathostomins |
|
|
Term
| Why are small strongyles called "small"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the site of infection and distribution of small strongyles. |
|
Definition
-SOI: adults in colon and cecum; j in tissue of colon and cecum
-D: worldwide, all horses are infected |
|
|
Term
| Describe the lifecycle of small strongyles. |
|
Definition
| -strongyle eggs in feces=> L3 dev in env=> consumes by grazing=> can become hypobiotic in tissues of cecum |
|
|
Term
| What the is PPP of small strongyles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -strategy for surviving in an adverse environment in which the worms arrest their current state until the outside environment becomes favorable |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Cool climates are conducive to small strongyle development. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the pathogenesis of small strongyles. |
|
Definition
-larval emergence responsible for disease: dmaages mucosa, impaired motility, +/- colic
-larval cyathostomiasis: diarrhea, weight loss, rough coat, ventral edema, colic, death |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose small strongyles? |
|
Definition
-adults at necropsy
-fecal flotation
-clinical diagnosis of larval cyathostomiasis |
|
|
Term
Describe the following of large strongyles:
a) host(s)
b) SOI
c) distribution |
|
Definition
a) horses
b) adults in colon and cecum; juveniles migrates extensibely
c) worldwide |
|
|
Term
| Which is the most important Strongyle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the buccal differences b/n S. vulgaris, S. edentates, and S. equinus? |
|
Definition
-S. vulgaris: 2 internal teeth
-s. edentates: no teeth
-S. equinus: 3 teeth |
|
|
Term
| Do large strongyles have a direct or indirect lifecycle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do each of the particular types of large strongyles live? |
|
Definition
-S. vulgaris: cranial mesenteric artery
-C. endentatus: liver, abdominal cavity
-S. equinus: liver, abdominal cavity |
|
|
Term
| What are the prepatent periods of each type of large strongyle? |
|
Definition
-S. vulgaris: 6 to 8m
-S. edentates: 11 to 12m
-S. equinus: 8 to 9m |
|
|
Term
| Describe the pathogenesis of Strongylus vulgaris. |
|
Definition
| -thickening of cranial mesenteric artery: migrating larvae, compromise blood flow to intestine =>colic, fever, anorexia, weight loss, depression |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose Strongylus vulgaris? |
|
Definition
-clinical sign before patent
-strongyle eggs
-necropsy lesions |
|
|
Term
| What are the hosts of Stephanurus dentatus (kidney worm)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the site of infections of Stephanurus dentatus? |
|
Definition
-adults: perirenal fat and kidney
-juveniles: migrate throught liver |
|
|
Term
| Describe the distribution of Stephanurus dentatus. |
|
Definition
-subtropical and tropical
-southeast atlantic states
-has been reported in OK |
|
|
Term
| Describe the pathogenesis of Stephanurus dentatus. |
|
Definition
-damage to livers
-erratic migrations: pancreas and muscle |
|
|
Term
| How do you diagnose a stephanurus dentatus infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of Stephanurus dentatus migration? |
|
Definition
| -causes milk spots (healed by fibrosis |
|
|
Term
| What are the hosts of Oesophagostomum spp? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the site of infection of Oesophagostomum spp? |
|
Definition
-adults in cecum and colon
-juveniles encapsulated in small and large intestines |
|
|
Term
| Are trichostrongyloidea bursate or nonbursate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 types of strongylids? |
|
Definition
-ancylostomatoidea: hookworms; direct life cycle
-strongyloidea: large and small strongyles; direct life cycle
-trichostrongyloidea: trichostrongyles of ruminants; direct life cycle
-metastrongyloidea: lungworms, indirect life cycle |
|
|
Term
| Outline the typical life cycle of Trichostrongyles. |
|
Definition
-eggs shed in feces: aka HO/TT Complex eggs
-infection via ingestion of L3 from pasture
-many species exhibit hypobiosis |
|
|
Term
| What is the PPP of trichostrongyles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the infective stage of trichostrongyles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the hosts of Haemonchus worms? |
|
Definition
-H. contortus: sheep and goats
-H. placei: cattle |
|
|
Term
| What is the site of infection for Haemonchus? |
|
Definition
| -abomasum: adults are blood feeders and juveniles in abomasal tissues |
|
|
Term
| What is special about Haemonchus juveniles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is visually unique about Haemonchus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the PPP of H. contortus? H. placei? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the pathogenesis of Haemonchus. |
|
Definition
-hemorrhagic anemia caused by adults feeding on blood
-0.05 ml blood/worm/day
-approx. one fifth of the circulating RBC volume/dau in sheep |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose a Haemonchus infection? |
|
Definition
-eggs on flotation
-adults at necropsy |
|
|
Term
| What are the hosts of Ostertagia/Teladorsagia? |
|
Definition
-Ostertagia ostertagi: cattle
-Teladorsagia circumcincta: sheep and goats |
|
|
Term
| What is the site of infection of Ostertagia/Teladorsagia? |
|
Definition
-abomasal surface: adults
-gastric glands: juveniles |
|
|
Term
| Describe what is unique about the life cycle of Ostertagia/Teladorsagia. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 3 distinguishing physical features of Ostertagia/Teladorsagia? |
|
Definition
-bursa
-spicules
-cervical papillae |
|
|
Term
| Describe the pathogenesis of Ostertagia/Teladorsagia. |
|
Definition
-emerging larvae destroy gastric glands
-PGE and morocco leather look
-adults feed on blood, minor significance |
|
|
Term
| Describe the two types of Ostertagia/Teladorsagia disease. |
|
Definition
-Type I: calves on pasture for the first time, spring via ingestion of infective L3 juveniles, juvenile worms mature to adults without passing through hypobiosis
-Type II: yearlings, emergence of inhibited juveniles, late winter/summer or early spring/fall, much higher mortality |
|
|
Term
| What are the hosts of Trichostrongylus axei? |
|
Definition
| -cattle, small ruminants ,pigs, horses |
|
|
Term
| What is the site of infection of Trichostrongylus axei? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the pathogenesis of Trichostrongylus axei? |
|
Definition
-usually not a primary pathogen
-may cause gastritis in horses |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of Trichostrongyle infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the exceptions to the rule concerning Nematodirus life cycle? |
|
Definition
-larvae retained within egg as molt
-synchronous hatch to infect susceptible lambs
-N. battus and N. filicolis: must be subjected to prolonged cold periods |
|
|
Term
| what are the hosts of Hyostrongylus rubidus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the site of infection of Hyostrongylus rubidus? |
|
Definition
| -stomach: juveniles in gastric glands |
|
|
Term
| What is the pathogenesis of Hyostrongyles rubidus infection? |
|
Definition
-similar to ostertagia
-causes chronic vomiting |
|
|
Term
| What are the hosts for Dictyocaulus species? |
|
Definition
-D. viviparous: cattle
-D. filarial: sheep and goats
-D. arnfieldi: donkeys and horses |
|
|
Term
| What is the site of infection of Dictyocaulus spp? |
|
Definition
| -trachea, bronchi, bronchioles |
|
|
Term
| What is the distribution of Dictyocaulus spp? |
|
Definition
| -more important in temperate areas |
|
|
Term
| What is the infective stage for Dictyocaulus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the pathogenesis of Dictyocaulus spp. |
|
Definition
| -migration and presence of the worms cause: alveolitis, bronchiolitis, bronchitis |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of Dictyocaulus infection? |
|
Definition
-intermittent coughing (deep and harsh- huuuuusk)
-labored breathing
-may cause pneumonia and death |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose dictyocaulus? |
|
Definition
-first-stage juveniles in feces
-adult worms at necropsy
-clinical signs and history
-use Baermann apparatus |
|
|
Term
| What are the hosts of Ollulanus tricuspis? |
|
Definition
-domestic and wild cats
-pigs |
|
|
Term
| What is the site of infection of Ollulanus tricuspis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the life cycle of Ollulanus tricuspis. |
|
Definition
-direct, all stages in stomach
-transmission through ingestion of vomitus with L3s
-feral and colony cats most often infected |
|
|
Term
| Describe the distribution of Ollulanus tricuspis. |
|
Definition
| -North America, South America, Europe, and Australia |
|
|
Term
| Describe the pathogenesis of Ollulanus tricuspis. |
|
Definition
-invasion of gastric mucosa
-excess mucus production
-catarrhal gastritis
-vomiting |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose Ollulanus tricuspis infection? |
|
Definition
-Larvae or adults in vomitus- use Baermann
-small worms; adults are less than 1mm
-rare to find worms in feces |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose Ollulanus tricuspis infection? |
|
Definition
-Larvae or adults in vomitus- use Baermann
-small worms; adults are less than 1mm
-rare to find worms in feces |
|
|
Term
| Are metastrongyloidea bursate or non-bursate nematodes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of the Baermann Test? |
|
Definition
| -detescts first-stage larvae of most but not all lungworms b/c first-stage larvae of lungworms are rarely detected during fecal flotations |
|
|
Term
| What are the two physical distinguishing characteristics of Metastrongyles? |
|
Definition
-S-shaped kink in tail
-sub-terminal dorsal cuticular spine |
|
|
Term
| What are the hosts of Metastrongylus spp? |
|
Definition
-DH: domestic and feral pigs
-IH: earthworms |
|
|
Term
| What is the site of infection for Metastrongylus spp? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the distribution of Metastrongylus spp? |
|
Definition
-world-wide
-most common in Midwest and Southest
-pigs on pasture with access to earthworm IH |
|
|
Term
| Do Metastrongylus spp have a direct or indirect life cycle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Outline the life cycle of Metastrongylus spp? |
|
Definition
| -larvated/embryonated eggs in feces=> ingested by earthworm as L1=> dev to L3s=> ingested and travel via lymph/vascular systems to lungs |
|
|
Term
| what is the PPP of Metastrongyle spp? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the pathogenesis of Metastrongylus spp? |
|
Definition
-migration of larvae cause bronchopneumonia
-may predispose the pig to secondary infections |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose Metastrongylus spp infections? |
|
Definition
-adults at necropsy
-eggs on fecal float: thichk-shelled, larvated/embryonated |
|
|
Term
| What are the IH's of Prostostrongylus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the pathogenesis of Protostrongylus infection. |
|
Definition
| -worms may block air passages in bronchioles of sheep and goats |
|
|
Term
| How do Protostrongylus physically differ from most Metastrongylus spp? |
|
Definition
| -plain tail: no kink, no spine |
|
|
Term
| Describe the pathogenesis of Muellerius. |
|
Definition
-infect the bronchioles and lung parenchyma of sheep and goats
-may form nodules
-infection usually subclinical |
|
|
Term
| What is the common name of Parelphostrongylus tenuis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the hosts of Parelaphostrongylus tenuis? |
|
Definition
-DH: white-tailed deer
-AH: sheep, goats, llamas, camls, horses, and other wild ruminants
-IH: terrestrial snails and slugs |
|
|
Term
| What is the site of infection of Parelaphostrongylus tenuis? |
|
Definition
-meninges of White-tailed deer
-parenchyma of neural tissue of accidental hosts |
|
|
Term
| Describe the approximate distribution of P. tenuis. |
|
Definition
-east of the great plains from the Gulf of Mexico to southern Canadian provinces
-In Oklahoma, found east of a north-south line about half way between Tulsa dn Stillwater |
|
|
Term
| Describe the life cycle of Parelaphostrongylus tenuis. |
|
Definition
| -ingesting infected IH while grazing=> SI=> body cavity=> nerve=> spinal cord=> brain |
|
|
Term
| What is the PPP of Parelaphostrongylus tenuis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between DH and AH regarding Parelaphostrongylus tenuis? |
|
Definition
-in DH, stays on outside of nn and spinal cord making its way up to the meninges
-in AH: migrates through the parenchyma |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of P. tenuis infenctions in abnormal hosts? |
|
Definition
-rear leg weakness, ataxia
-circling
-incoordination |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose Parelaphostrongylus tenuis infection? |
|
Definition
-necropsy and histopathology
-first-stage juveniles in feces for White-tailed deer |
|
|
Term
| What are the hosts of Crenosoma vulpis? |
|
Definition
-DH: foxes, wolves, raccoons, and dogs
-IH: snails and slugs |
|
|
Term
| What is the site of infection of Crenosoma vulpis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the defining physical characteristics of Crenosoma vulpis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the pathogenesis of Crenosoma vulpis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the significance of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus? |
|
Definition
| -most common lungworm of cats |
|
|
Term
| What are the hosts of Aelurostrongulus abstrusus? |
|
Definition
-DH: cats that are allowed to hunt
-IH: snails and slugs
-PH: frogs, lizard, birds, or rodents |
|
|
Term
| What is the site of infection of Aelurostrongulus abstrusus? |
|
Definition
-lung parenchyma of cats; deepy embedded in lung tissues
-nodules are aggregations of adult worms, eggs, and juveniles |
|
|
Term
| Describe the distribution of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Outline the life cycle of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus. |
|
Definition
-indirect life cycle
-paratenic hosts play a key role in transmission: rodents, birds, amphibians, reptiles |
|
|
Term
| What is the PPP of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the pathogenesis/clinical signs of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus. |
|
Definition
-normally subclinical
-severe infections, chronic wasting, cough, wheezing, diarrhea, anorexia |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose Aelurostrongylus abstrusus infections? |
|
Definition
-first-stage larvae: Baermann test, sometimes fecal flotation
-look for adults on radiography for lung lesions |
|
|
Term
| What is the common name of Angiostrongylus vasorum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the IH of Angiostrongylus vasorum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where can adult Angiostrongylus vasorum be found in hosts? |
|
Definition
| -adults in lungs and pulmonary arteries |
|
|
Term
| Where are Angiostrongylus vasorum found? |
|
Definition
| -Europe, Africa, and South America |
|
|
Term
| What is the common name for angiostrongulus cantonensis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the hosts of Angiostrongylus cantonensis? |
|
Definition
-IH: snails and slugs
-PH: crustaceans and amphibians |
|
|
Term
| Describe the distribution of angiostrongylus cantonensis. |
|
Definition
| -SE Asia, East Indies, Madagascar, Pacific Islands |
|
|
Term
| Why is Filaroides (Oslerus) spp a non-typical metastrongylid parasite? |
|
Definition
-does not require IH
-infective L1 |
|
|
Term
| What are the three routes of infection of Filaroides (Oslerus_ spp? |
|
Definition
1) autoinfection
2) contaminated feces
3) ingestion of regurgitated vomit contaminated with L1s |
|
|
Term
| Definition: Autoinfection |
|
Definition
| -re-infection by the progeny of a parasite while they are still within the host |
|
|
Term
| Describe the clinical signs associated with Filaroides osleri. |
|
Definition
| -nodules in the epithelium of the trachea and bronchi of dogs that may result in chronic, dry cough |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose filaroides spp infection? |
|
Definition
-visualization of first-stage larvae by: ZnSO4 centrifugal fecal flotation of feces, transtracheal washes
-Baermann |
|
|
