Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Intro A&P, general chemistry
chapters 1,2
76
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
11/27/2006

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
1. Organization
2. Metabolism
3. Sense and respond to environment
4. Growth and Development
5. Reproduction
6. Evolve
7. Homeostasis
These are all characteristics of what?
Definition
Basic Life Process
Term
Blood, lymph, plasma, synovial fluid are all types of what kind of body fluid?
Definition
Extracellular body fluid
Term
Anatomy that changes during an illness is known as?
Definition
Clinical anatomy
Term
Gross anatomy of specific regions, head, neck ect. are referred to as?
Definition
Regional anatomy
Term
List the 5 steps in the feedback loop.
Definition
1. Stimulus
2. receptor
3. Control center
4. effector
5. response
Term
Reversing a change in a controlled environment is a type of? List 2 examples
Definition
Negative feedback system

1. temperature regulation
2. glucose
Term
Strengthens or reinforces a change in a controlled condition. List 2 examples
Definition
Positive feedback system

1.labor
2.blood clotting
Term
Substances that cannot be split into smaller substances by ordinary chemical or mechanical means.
Definition
Chemical elements
Term
How many elements in the human body?
Definition
26 in the body
13 of those are trace elements
Term
What 4 elements make up 96% of total body mass?
Definition
Carbon, Oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen
Term
smalledst unit of matter that retains the properties and characteristics of the element.
Definition
Atom
Term
Name 3 subatomic particles
Definition
Protons, neutrons, electrons
Term
Protons are _____________Charged.
Neutrons are ___________charged.
Electrons are ___________charged.
Definition
Positive
no charge
negative
Term
Each orbital can hold a specific number of?
Definition
Electrons
Term
Electrons found in the outer shell are known as?
Definition
Valence electrons
Term
The number of protons of an atom?
Definition
The atomic number
Term
the number of protons and the number of neutrons are known as?
Definition
The mass number
Term
atoms of the same element may have ___________ mass numbers.
Definition
different
Term
atoms of an element with different numbers of neutrons are?
Definition
Isotopes
Term
An atom that has lost or gained an electron?
Definition
Ion
Term
Ions that are positive because they have lost an electron.
Definition
Cations
Term
Ions that are negative because they have gained an electron.
Definition
anions
Term
Substances that dissociate into cations and anions.
Definition
electrolytes
Term
Formed when 2 or more atoms share one or more electrons.
Definition
Molecule
Term
Molecules with 2 or more different elements is known as a?
Definition
Compound
Term
An electrically charged atom or group of atoms with an unpaired electron in its outermost shell.
Definition
Free radical
Term
these are highly reactive, can damage other molecules, and play a role in the aging process.
Definition
Free radicals
Term
Forces that hold atoms together are?
Definition
Chemical bonds
Term
One atom is more likely to interact with another if doing so will leave both with 8 valence electrons. This is known as?
Definition
the octet rule
Term
Atoms with 8 electrons in ther valence shell are chemically
_________________________.
Definition
Inactive
Term
atoms with more or less than 8 eloctrons in their valence shell are chemically ____________.
Definition
Active
Term
Hydrogen can only hold ___ electrons in it's valence shell.
Definition
2
Term
Name the 3 types of chemical bonds.
Definition
1. Ionic bonds
2. Covalent bonds
3. Hydrogen bonds
Term
An example of a ionic bond is?
Definition
NaCl, Sodium chloride
Term
Ionic bonds occur between ________and____________.
Definition
Anions and cations due to their +,- attraction.
Term
which type of bond is important for the structures of teeth and bones.
Definition
Ionic bonds
Term
This type of bond is stronger than hydrogen bonds, but weaker than covalent bonds.
Definition
Ionic bonds
Term
Atoms that share a pair of electrons are known as ______________?
Definition
covalent bonds
Term
covalent bonds can share up to __ pairs of electrons.
Definition
3
Term
Most of the bodies structures are formed with what type of bonds?
Definition
Covalent bonds
Term
When covalent bonds share electrons equally it is known as?
Definition
Non-Polar covalent bond.
Term
Covalent bonds that occur when an atom has a stronger attraction for the pair of electrons than the other. eg, water
Definition
Polar covalent bonds
Term
The strongest type of bond is?
Definition
Covalent bonds
Term
this type of bond is important for waters surface tension/cohesion.
Definition
Hydorgen bonds
Term
The weakest of the 3 bonds is?
Definition
Hydrogen bonds
Term
Name 3 things that increase the liklihood that a chemical reaction will occur.
Definition
1.increase the concentration of reactants.
2. heat the reactants
3. provide a catalyst.
Term
the most common high energy compound is?
Definition
ATP
Term
Name 2 subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom
Definition
1.protons
2.neutrons
Term
Which molecule is used for long-term storage of energy?
Definition
Glycogen
Term
Which gives macromolecules it's unique properties
Definition
Functional groups
Term
which 2 types of chemical reactions gives amino acids being combined to form properties.
Definition
1. condensation
2. dehydration
Term
What acts to transport excess cholesterol for excretion from the body?
Definition
High-density lipoprotein
Term
Estrogen and testosterone are examples of?
Definition
Steroids
Term
Phopholipids are unique because they have?
Definition
Hydrophylic heads and hydrophobic tails.
Term
When a fatty acid is said to be saturated it means?
Definition
The molecule is "saturated" with hydrogen atoms
Term
Which type of lipid is stored in adispose tissue?
Definition
Triglycerides
Term
Which type of lipid poses the Least risk for cardiovascular disease?
Definition
Polyunsaturated fats
Term
Glucose and fructose are both types of?
Definition
Isomers and monosaccharides
Term
Na+ represents?
Definition
sodium and a cation
Term
Which type of molecule is most likely to dissolve in water?
Definition
Molecules held together by non-polar covalent bonds
Term
When blood ph is 7.0 it is said to be.
Definition
Acidic
Term
The energy of movement is?
Definition
Kinetic energy
Term
chemical energy is a type of?
Definition
Potential energy
Term
Most of the reactions in the body would not occur fast enough without?
Definition
catalysts (Enzymes)
Term
catalysts (enzymes) are usually composed of?
Definition
Proteins
Term
Occurs when a covalent bond is broken and it releases kinetic energy.
Definition
Catobolism
Term
formation of a complex molecule by the removal of water.
Definition
Dehydration
Term
Occurs when a a bond in a complex molecule is broken and a water molecule is added.
Definition
Hydrolosis
Term
Acids and bases react and form?
Definition
Water and salt
Term
Inorganic molecules are mostly held together by?
Definition
ionic bonds and covalent bonds
Term
This decreases ph and dissociates in soltion releasing hydrogen ions, and is a proton donor.
Definition
Acid
Term
this increases ph and remooves hydrogen ions from solutions and is a proton acceptor
Definition
Base
Term
Solid inorganic molecules whose ions will conduct an electrical current in solutions.
Definition
electrolytes
Term
Most inorganic compounds lack?
Definition
Carbon
Term
Water is a type of ?
Definition
Inorganic compound
Term
Large compounds that perform functions for the cell are?
Definition
Organic compounds
Supporting users have an ad free experience!