Term
| central nervous system (CNS) |
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Definition
| the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
| peripheral nervous system (PNS) |
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Definition
| the nerves connecting the brain and spinal cord to other parts of the body |
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| autonomic nervous system (ANS) |
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Definition
| division of the human nervous system that regulates involuntary actions |
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Definition
| nerve cell, including its processes (axons and dendrites) |
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| supporting cells of nervous tissue, also called neuroglia |
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Definition
| the main part of a neuron from which the dendrites and axons extend |
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| branching or tree-like; a nerve cell process that transmits impulses toward the the body |
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| nerve cell impluse that transmits impulses away from the cell body |
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Definition
| neuron that transmits impulses to the spinal cord and brain from all parts of the body |
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| carrying or conveying toward the center(an afferent neuron carries nerve impulses toward the central nervous system) |
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| transmits nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glandular epithelial tissue |
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Definition
| neuron that transmits impulses from the central nervous system to the periphery; opposite in direction to of afferent neurons |
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Definition
| nerve that conducts impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons; sometimes called a central or connecting neuron |
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Definition
| lipoid substance found in the myelin sheath around some nerve fibers |
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| axons outside the central nervous system that are surrounded by a segmented wrapping of myelin |
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| indentations that are found between adjacent Schwann cells |
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| one of the most common types of brain tumors |
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| two-ply wall formed by the wall of a capillary and the surrounding extensions of a glial cell called an astryocyte, functions to prevent harmful chemicals from entering vital brain tissue |
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Definition
| one type of connective tissue found in the brain and spinal cord |
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Definition
| a cell that holds nerve fibers together and produces the myelin sheath around the axons in the central nervous system |
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Definition
| large nucleated cells that form myelin |
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Definition
| collection of nerve fibers |
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Definition
| a single nerve pathway made up of several bundles of axons and extending through the central nervous system |
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Definition
| nerves covered with white myelin |
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Definition
| tissue comprising cell bodies and unmyelinated axons and dendrites |
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Definition
| the thin wrapping of fibrous connective tissue that surrounds each axon in a nerve |
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Definition
| a small bundle of fibers, as in a small bundle of nerve fibers or muscle fibers |
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Definition
| connective tissue that encircles a bundle of nerve fibers within a nerve |
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Definition
| allows impulse to travel in only one direction |
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| peripheral beginning of a sensory neuron's dendrite |
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| a region of gray (unmyelinated) nerve tissue |
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Definition
| junction between adjacent neurons |
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| responding organ, for example, voluntary and involuntary muscle, the heart and glands |
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| a reflex that moves a body part away from an irritating stimulus |
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Definition
| when a nerve impulse encounters myelin and "jumps" from one node of Ranvier to the next |
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Definition
| a neuron situated proximal to a synapse |
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Definition
| a neuron situated distal to a synapse |
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Definition
| a tiny knob at the end of a terminal branch of a presynaptic neuron's axon that contains vesicles with neurotransmitters |
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Definition
| the place between a synaptic knob and the plasma membrane of a postsynaptic neuron |
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Definition
| chemicals by which nerves communicate |
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Definition
| chemical neurotransmitter |
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Definition
| hormone secreted by adrenal medulla ; released by sympathetic nervous system |
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Definition
| chemical neurotransmitter |
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Definition
| a neurotransmitter that belongs to a group of compounds called catecholamines |
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Definition
| norepinephrine and epinephrine |
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| any group of chemicals in the central nervous system that influence pain perception; a natural painkiller |
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Definition
| peptide chemical in the central nervous system that acts as a natural painkiller |
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| the lowest part of the brainstem; an enlarged extension of the spinal cord; the vital centers are located in this area |
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Definition
| located in the medulla where bits of gray and white matter mix intricately |
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Definition
| the part of the brainstem between the medulla oblongata and the midbrain |
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Definition
| the second largest part of the human brain that plays an essential role in the production of normal movements |
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Definition
| vital endoendocrine and autonomic control center beneath the thalamus |
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Definition
| located just above the hypothalamus; its functions are to help produce sensations and associate sensations with emotions; plays a part in the arousal mechanism |
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Definition
| hormone produced in the posterior pituitary gland to regulate the balance of water in the body by accelerating the reabsorption of water |
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Definition
| endocrine gland located in the third ventricle of the brain; produces melatonin |
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Definition
| the largest and most upper part of the human brain that controls consciousness, memory, sensations, emotions and voluntary movements |
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Definition
| where the right and left cerebral hemispheres are joined |
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Definition
| a thin layer of gray matter made up of neuron dendrites and cell bodies that compose the surface of the cerebrum |
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Definition
| a hemorrhage or cessation of blood flow through cerebral blood vessels resulting in destruction of neurons; commonly called a stroke |
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Definition
| any of the white columns of the spinal cord that provide two-way conduction paths to and from the brain |
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| loss of the power of motion, especially voluntary motion |
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| fluid containing membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord |
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Definition
| literally "strong or hard mother"; outermost layer of the meninges |
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Definition
| the vascular innermost covering of the brain and spinal cord |
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| delicate, web-like middle membrane covering the brain |
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| fluid that fills the subarachnoid space in the brain and spinal cord and in the cerebral ventricles |
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Definition
| small cavity, such as the pumping chambers of the heart |
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Definition
| a network of brain capillaries that are involved with the production of cerebrospinal fluid |
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Definition
| abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid "water on the brain". |
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| any of 12 pairs of nerves that attach to the undersurface of the brain and conduct impulses between the brain and structures in the head, neck and thorax |
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Definition
| nerve that connects the spinal cord to peripheral structures such as the skin and skeletal muscles |
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Definition
| any of the skin surface areas supplied by a singe spinal nerve |
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Term
| sympathetic nervous system |
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Definition
| part of the autonomic nervous system; ganglia are connected to the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord; functions as an emergency system |
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Term
| parasympathetic nervous system |
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Definition
| part of the autonomic nervous system; ganglia are connected to the brainstem and the sacral segments of the spinal cord; controls many visceral effectors under normal conditions |
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Definition
| motor neurons that make up the autonomic nervous system |
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Definition
| autonomic neuron that conducts nerve impulses between the spinal cord and the ganglion |
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Definition
| autonomic neuron that conducts nerve impulses from a ganglion to cardiac or smooth muscle or glandular epithelial tissue |
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Term
| sympathetic preganglionic neurons |
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Definition
| dendrites and cell body are located in the gray matter of the thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord; axon leaves the cord through an anterior root of a spinal nerve and terminates in a collateral ganglion |
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Definition
| the changes produced by increased sympathetic impulses allowing the body to deal with any type of stress |
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Definition
| axon whose terminals release acetylcholine |
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Definition
| axon whose terminal releases norepinephrine and epinephrine |
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Definition
| a collection of various small regions of the brain that act together to produce emotion and emotional response |
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Definition
| the skin; the largest and most important organ in the body |
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Definition
| thin, sheetlike structure in the body |
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Definition
| membrane composed of epithelial tissue with an underlying layer of specialized connective tissue |
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Term
| connective tissue membrane |
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Definition
| one of the two major types of body membranes composed exclusively of various types of connective tissue |
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Definition
| primary organ of the integumentary system; the skin |
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Definition
| a two layered epithelial membrane that lines the body cavities and covers the surfaces of organs |
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Definition
| the connective tissue layer of the serous membrane that holds and supports the epithelial cells |
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Definition
| serous membrane that lines the walls of a body cavity |
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Definition
| serous membrane that covers the surface of organs found in the body cavity |
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Definition
| the serous membrane in the thoracic cavity |
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Definition
| large, moist slippery sheet of membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and its organs |
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Definition
| inflammation of the pleura |
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Definition
| inflammation of the serous membranes in the abdominopelvic cavity; sometimes a serious complication of an infected appendix |
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Definition
| epithelial membranes that line body surfaces opening directly to the exterior and secrete a thick, slippery material called mucus |
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Definition
| the transitional area where the skin and mucous membrane meet |
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Definition
| a connective tissue lining the spaces between the bones and joints that secretes the synovial fluid |
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Definition
| the thick, colorless lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane |
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Definition
| small cushionlike sac found alongside joints, cushioning moving bones |
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Definition
| oil producing glands found in the skin |
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Definition
| "false" skin; outermost layer of the skin |
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Definition
| the deeper of the two major layers of the skin, composed of dense fibrous connective tissue interspersed with glands, nerve endings, and blood vessels; sometimes called the "true skin" |
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Definition
| tissue below the layers of the skin; made up of loose connective tissue and fat |
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Definition
| the loose ordinary tissue just under the skin and superficial to the muscles; also called subcutaneous tissue or superficial fascia |
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Definition
| the innermost of the tightly packed epithelial cells of the epidermis; cells in this layer are able to reproduce themselves |
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Definition
| protein substance found in hair, nails, outer skin cells, and horny tissues |
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Definition
| the tough outer layer of the epidermis; cells are filled with keratin |
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Definition
| the layer of the epidermis that contains the melanocytes that produce melanin to give the skin its color |
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Definition
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| specialized cells in the pigment layer that produce melanin |
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Definition
| bluish appearance of the skin caused by deficient oxygenation of the blood |
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Term
| dermal-epidermal junction |
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Definition
| junction between the thin epidermal layer of the skin and the dermal layer providing support for the epidermis |
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Definition
| upper region of the dermis that forms part of the dermal-epidermal junction and forms the ridges and grooves of the fingerprints |
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Definition
| a pocketlike structure, such as the cylindrical pocket from which a hair grows |
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Definition
| extremely fine and soft hair found on a newborn infant |
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Definition
| a small cap-shaped cluster of located at the base of the follicle where the hair growth begins |
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Definition
| smooth muscles of the skin, which are attached to hair follicles |
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Definition
| specialized receptors in the skin that respond to pain |
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Definition
| the visible part of the nail |
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Definition
| skinfold covering the root of the nail |
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Definition
| glands that secrete sweat |
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Definition
| a frequently used method to determine the extent of a burn injury. the body is divided into 11 areas of 9% each and 1% of the perineum to help estimate the amount of the skin surface burned in an adult |
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Term
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Definition
| minor burn with only minimal discomfort and no blistering |
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Term
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Definition
| partial-thickness burn injury that is more severe than a first-degree burn and often involves damage to the dermis |
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Term
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Definition
| involves complete destruction of both epidermis and dermis with injury extending into the subcutaneous tissue; full thickness burn |
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