Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Integumentary System
N/A
33
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
01/17/2011

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Integument
Definition
it insulates and cushions the underlying body tissues and protects the entire body from mechanical damage (bumps and cuts), chemical damage (acids, alkalis, and the like), thermal damage (heat) and bacterial invasion
Term
Tactile (Merkel) Cells
Definition
ocassionally spiky hemispheres that, in conjuction with sensory nerve endings, located at the epidermal-dermal junction
Term
Epidermal Dendritic Cells
Definition
also called "Langerhans Cells" these cells play a role in immunity
Term
Melanin
Definition
provides a protective pigment umbrella over the nuclei of the cells in the deeper epidermal layers, thus shielding their genetic material (DNA) from the damagaing effects of ultraviolet radiation
Term
Melanocytes
Definition
black cells that produce the brown to black pigments called melanin, the skin tans because melanin production increases when the skin is exposed to sunlight
Term
Keratin
Definition
a fibrous protein that gives the epidermis its durability and protective capabilities
Term
Keratinocytes
Definition
the most abundant epidermal cell, they function mainly to produce keratin fibrils and are tightly connected to each other by desmosomes
Term
Hypodermis
Definition
(superficial fascia) primary adipose tissue, which is not considered part of the skin immediatley deep to the dermis
Term
Stratum Basale
Definition
a single row of cells immediatley adjacent to the dermis, it's cells are constantly undergoing mitotic cell division to produce millions of new cells daily hence its alternate name stratum germinativum
Term
Stratum Spinosum
Definition
a stratum consisting of several cell layers immediately superficial ot the basal layer, it's cells contain thick weblikde bundles of intermediate filaments made up of a pre-keratin protein
Term
Stratum Granulosum
Definition
a thin layer named for the abundant granules its cells contain, these granules are of two types: (1) lamellated granules, which contain a waterproofing glycolipid that is secreted  into the extracellular space; and (2) keratohyaline granules, which combine with the intermediate filaments in the more superficial layers to form the keratin fibrils, at the upper border of this layer, the cells are beggining to die
Term
Stratum Lucidum
Definition
a very thin translucent band of flattened dead keranocytes with indistinct boundaries, it is not present in regions of thin skin
Term
Stratum Corneum
Definition
the outermost epidermal layer consists of some 20 to 30 cell layers, and accounts for the bulk of the epidermal thickness, cells in this layer are dead, and their flattened scale-like remnants are fully keratinized, they are constantly rubbing off and being replaced by divisions of deeper cells
Term
Papillary Layer
Definition
the mosre superficial dermal region composed of areolar connective tissue, it is very uneven and has fingerlike projections from its superior surface
Term
Reticular Layer
Definition
the deepest skin layer, it is composed of dense irregular connective tissue and contains many arteries and veins, sweat and sebaceous gland, and pressure receptors
Term
Bedsores (Decubitus Ulcers)
Definition
occur in bedritten patients who are not turned regularly enough, the weight of the body exerts pressure on the skin, especially over bony projections, which leads to restiction of the blood supply and tissue death
Term
Jaundice
Definition
the tissues become yellowed, is almost always diagnostic for liver disease
Term
Addison's Disease
Definition
bronzing of the skin hints that a person's adrenal cortex is hypoactive
Term
Body
Definition
the visible attached portion
Term
Free Edge
Definition
the portion of the nail that grows out away from the body
Term
Root (Nail)
Definition
the part that is embedded in the skin and adheres to an epithelial nail bed
Term
Nail Folds
Definition
thin folds that overlap the borders of the nail
Term
Eponychium
Definition
the thick proximal nail fold commonly called the cuticle
Term
Nail Bed
Definition
extension of the stratum basale beneath the nail
Term
Nail Matrix
Definition
the thickened proximal part of the nail bed containing germinal cells responsible for nail growth
Term
Lunule
Definition
the proximal region of the thickened nail matrix, which appears as a white crescent
Term
Hair
Definition
structure consisting of a medulla, a central region surrounded first by the cortex and then by a protective cuticle
Term
Root (Hair)
Definition
the portion of the hair enclosed within the follicle
Term
Shaft
Definition
portion of the hair projecting from the scalp surface
Term
Hair Bulb
Definition
a collection of well nourished germinal epithelial cells at the basal end of the follicle
Term
Follicle
Definition
a structure formed from both epidermal and dermal cells, its inner epithelial root sheath, with two parts (internal and external), is enclosed by a thickened basement membrane, the glassy membrane, and a connective tissue root sheath, which is essentially dermal tissue
Term
Papilla
Definition
a small nipple of dermal tissue that protrudes into the hair bulb from the connective tissue sheath and provides nutrition to the growing hair
Term
Arrector Pili Muscle
Definition
small bands of smooth muscle cells connect each hair follicle to the papillary layer of the dermis, when these muscles contract, the slanted hair follicle is pulled upright, dimpling the skin surface with goosebumbs
Supporting users have an ad free experience!