Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Integumentary System
Concepts and Definitions for the Integumentary System
60
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
06/27/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
List of Components of Integumentary System
Definition
Hair, Skin, Nails, and Cutaneous Glands
Term
Which 'dermis' is not a true layer of the skin?
Definition
Hypodermis
Term
Compare and Contrast Thin vs Thick Skin
Definition
Thick Skin-thick stratum corneum, no hair or sebaceaous glands, has sweat glands, has stratum lucidum, palms and soles
Thin skin-thin stratum corneum, hair, sweat and sebaceous glands, no stratum lucidum, covers most of body
Term
What tissue is epidermis composed of?
Definition
keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue, very few touch/pain nerves
Term
List 5 layers of the epidermis of thick skin, superficial to deep.
Definition
Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum, spinosum, stratum basale. (Can Lucy Give Some Blood?)
Term
What layer of the epidermis is not included in thin skin?
Definition
Stratum lucidum
Term
What is the function of a karatinocyte?
Definition
synthesize keratin, undergo mitosis, phagocytize melanin(which shield DNA from UV rays)
Term
What is the function of melanocytes?
Definition
Synthesize pigment melanin and responsible for differences in skin color
Term
What is the function of dendritic cells?
Definition
These are macrophages (engulfer cells) immune cells produced in bone marrow that migrate to epidermis to protect against pathogens and alert immune system
Term
What is the function of a fibroblast?
Definition
a cell that produces fibers within extracellular matrix
Term
Layer responsible for waterproofing skin.
Definition
stratum granulosum
Term
describe dermal layer and what it is made of
Definition
layer of connective tissue beneath epidermis
Composition:
mostly fibrous CT - collagen, some elastic & reticular fibers
Various cells of fibrous CT
Blood vessels & nerves
Sweat & sebaceous glands
Hair follicles & nail roots
Papillary layer=loose areolar
Reticular layer=dense irregular
Term
define dermal papillae, name their purpose.
Definition
upward finger-like extensions of dermis
Makes boundary between dermis/epidermis look wavy
Interlocks two layers – prevents slippage
Creates friction ridges on palms/feet (finger prints)
Term
describe hypodermis and name its purpose
Definition
layer of connective tissue beneath the skin
Also called subcutaneous tissue or superficial fascia
Composition
Areolar tissue
Adipose tissue (subcutaneous fat)
Highly vascular
Function
Binds skin to underlying tissues
Pads body (fat)
Energy reserve (fat)
Insulation (fat)
Term
Name skin structure made of epithelial tissue.
Definition
epidermis, sweat glands, sebaceous glands.
Term
name skin structures made of connective tissue
Definition
dermis, hair follicle sheath
Term
name skin structure made of muscle tissue
Definition
arrector pili or piloerector muscle
Term
name a skin structure made of nervous tissue
Definition
root hair plexus, merkel cells, pacinian corpuscle, pain cells, touch cells
Term
name 3 pigments that give skin it's color
Definition
hemoglobin (red), carotene (yellow), melanin (brown)
Term
skin blueness due to O2 deficiency
Definition
cyanosis
Term
skin paleness due to anemia, low BP, circulatory shock, etc.
Definition
pallor
Term
redness due to blood pooling, blushing/anger, sunburn
Definition
erythema
Term
bruise due to clotted blood beneath the skin
Definition
hematoma
Term
skin yellowing due to high levels of bilirubin
Definition
jaundice
Term
skin golden brown color due to Addison disease
Definition
bronzing
Term
skin white hair, pink eyes due to lack of melanin
Definition
albinism
Term
Describe 4 functions of the skin
Definition
protective barrier (to water, pathogens, UV rays), Vitamin D synthesis, Sensory functions (touch/texture/pressure/vibration, heat/cold, pain), thermoregulation (contains thermosreceptors to monitor respond to temp changes)
Term
define hair
Definition
slender filament of dead, keratinized cells
Term
define hair follicle
Definition
slanted tube in skin from which hair grows
Term
List three layers of hair from superficial to deep
Definition
cuticle, cortex, medulla
Term
list three zones of hair from superficial to deep
Definition
shaft, root (beneath skin), bulb
Term
explain how hair gets texture, explain each type
Definition
texture result of shape of hair shaft; straight hair = round shaft, curly = oval shaft, kinky = flat shaft
Term
explain how hair gets its color, list pigments for each type
Definition
pigment granules deposit in cortex cells; brown/black due to eumelanin, blonde due to pheomelanin, red due to some eumelanin and a lot of pheomelanin
Term
explain function of body hair
Definition
senses something crawling, used to provide warmth
Term
explain function of scalp hair
Definition
retain heat, protect from sunburn
Term
explain function of eyelashes and eyebrows
Definition
nonverbal communication and keeps sweat and debris out of eye
Term
explain function of guard hairs (vibrissae)
Definition
lines nostrils, ears, eyes
protects from foreign particles
Term
define nails
Definition
clear hard derivative of stratum corneum (packed, dead, scale-like cells filed with parallel fibers of hard keratin)
Term
describe how nails can be used in diagnosis: flat/concave nails
Definition
iron deficiency
Term
lines in nails
Definition
malnutrition or metabolic disorder
Term
clubbed nails
Definition
hypoxemia (O2 deficiency)
Term
dark longitudinal streak in nail
Definition
malignant melanoma
Term
define gland
Definition
cell or organ that produces and secretes substance
Term
what is the difference between endocrine and exocrine gland
Definition
endocrine secretes into bloodstream, exocrine secretes anywhere else
Term
name 3 ways that glands are classified
Definition
by structure, method of excretion, and type of secretion
Term
describe tubular gland structure
Definition
exocrine gland where duct & secretory portion have the same diameter
Sweat gland
Term
describe acinar gland structure
Definition
gland with a sac-like secretory portion
Salivary, pancreas
Term
describe structure of tubuloacinar gland
Definition
secretory cells in
the duct and sac as well
Term
describe structure of simple gland
Definition
gland with an un-branched duct
ex. sweat
Term
describe structure of compound gland
Definition
gland with a branched duct
ex. Mammary gland
Term
describe secretion produced by serous glands
Definition
produces thin, watery fluids like sweat, milk, and tears
Term
describe secretion produced by mucous gland
Definition
produces thick fluids, ex. mucus
Term
describe the secretion produced by a cytogenic gland
Definition
produce & secrete cells, ex. testes (sperm) & ovaries (egg)
Term
describe how a merocrine gland secretes
Definition
release substance via exocytosis
Term
describe how a holocrine gland secretes
Definition
release substances as cells disintegrate
Term
describe how an apocrine gland secretes
Definition
release substance via exocytosis but secretion containing parts of cell membrane
Term
Name 4 glands specific to skin and what they secrete
Definition
sudoriferous (sweat), sebaceous gland (oil), ceruminous gland(wax), mammary gland(milk)
Term
distinguish between two types of sweat glands
Definition
merocrine sweat glands (watery sweat to cool body), apocrine sweat gland (milky, smelly sweat)
Term
distinguish between healing types: regeneration and fibrosis
Definition
regeneration: damaged cells replaced by same type & normal function restored (liver and minor skin wounds)
fibrosis: damaged tissue replaced by scar tissue & normal function not restored-just hold organs together
Term
describe 4 steps of fibrosis
Definition
1)damaged vessel bleeds, histamine released via damaged cell, vessels dilate and increase blood flow 2)clot forms-knits wound and prevents infection-scab forms, macrophages clean up tissue debris thru phagocytosis, 3)Fibroblastic Phase-begins 3-4 days & lasts 2 weeks, new capillaries grow, fibroblasts of CT deposit new collagen fibers (knit wound together) called granulation tissue, macrophages remove clot, 4)Remodeling phase-begins within weeks & lasts up to 2 years, surface epithelium multiply and regenerate, deeper CT undergoes fibrosis-scars, scab falls off, capillaries withdraw
Supporting users have an ad free experience!