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Definition
| blueness of the skin resulting from a deficiency of oxygen in teh circulating blood (cold weather, choking, respiratory arrest, emphysema) |
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| abnormal redness of the skin - increased blood flow in dilated cutaneous blood vessels (sunburn) |
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| pale/ashen color when there is so little blood flow through the kin that the white color of the dermal collagen shows through (stress, low bp, cold temp. or severe amnesia) |
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| yellowing of skin and eyes from high levels of bilirubin in the blood (bilirubin is a hemoglobin break down product) |
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| bruise - clotted blood showing through the skin |
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| birthmarks - patches of skin discolored by benign tumors of the blood capillaries (capillary, cavernous and port-wine) |
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| lines on the flexor surfaces of digits, palms, wrists, elbows, and other places |
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| cuticle - narrow zone of dead skin |
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| visible attachment of nail to finger |
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| noticeably wet skin as a result of heat, exercise and circulatory shock |
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| found only in external ear canal - secretion combines with sebum and dead epidermal cells to form cerumen(earwax) |
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| produce the oily secretion -sebum, flask shaped, short ducts open to hair follicle - sebum keeps skin from becoming dry |
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| milk producing glands that develop within the female breast during pregnancy and lactation -modified apocrine glands |
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| merocrine glands (eccrine) |
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Definition
| function in evaporation cooling |
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Definition
| the sympathetic NS stimulates these to contract and squeeze the base of the gland, forcing perspriration up the duct |
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| sweat glands that function as scent glands - found in pubic, axillary and male facial hair regions - open by ducts into hair follicles |
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| undifferentiated cells that divide and give rise to keratinocytes - found only in stratum basale |
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| great majority of epidermal cells - synthesize keratin |
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Definition
| synthesize melanin - found in stratum basale - produced melanin fragments which are phagocytized by keratinocytes which accumulate the melanin granules on the "sunny side" of nucleus - protecting the keratinocyte = |
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Definition
| receptors for touch - stratum basale - tactile cell and nerve fiber is a tactile disc |
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Term
| Dendritic (Langerhans) cells |
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Definition
| found in stratum spinosum and granulosum - immune cells that orginiate in bone marrow and migrate to the epidermis and epithelia of oral cavity, esophagus and vagina - stand guard against toxins, microbes, & other pathogens - alert immune system |
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Definition
| consists mainly of a single layer of cubodial to low columnar stem cells and keratinocytes - melaocytes, tactile cells and stem cells |
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Definition
| several layers of keratinocytes - usually the thickest stratum - produce more and more keratin filaments which cause the cells to flatten - higher in the stratum spinosum, the flatter the cells - keratinocytes linked with desosomes account for toughness of epidermis - desosomes create bridges from cell to cell giving them a spiny apperance - also have tight junctions which are essential to water retention - found in thin skin |
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| 3-5 layers of flat keratinocytes - keratinocytes of this layer contain dark staining keratohyalin granules what give the layer its name |
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| seen in thick skin - keratinocytes are densely packed with clear protein eleidin - pale, featureless appearance with indistinct cell boundaries |
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| up to 30 layers of dead, keratinized cells - durable surface layer - resistant to abrasion, penetration, and water loss |
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Term
| papillary layer of dermis |
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Definition
| superficial 1/5 dermis - composed of areolar tissue - extend upward as dermal papillae |
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| reticular layer of dermis |
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Definition
| deeper 4/5 dermis - dense irrefular connective tissue |
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Definition
| areolar or adipose tissue between skin and muscle |
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Term
| melanin - eumelanin/pheomelanin |
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Definition
eumelanin - brownish black
pheomelanin - reddish-yellow sulfur containing pigment |
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Term
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Definition
| most common type of skin cancer |
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Term
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Definition
arises from melanocytes - ABCD - Asymmetry - one side looks dif
Border Irregularity - not uniform shape
Color - brown, black, tan
Diameter - greater then 6 mm |
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Definition
| thinning of hair or baldness |
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Definition
| hair is lost from select regions of the scalp rather than alopecia all over |
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| excessive or undesirable hairyness in areas that are usually not hairy |
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| white crescent at base of nail |
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| arises from keratinocytes of stratum spinosum - usually appear on scalp, ears, lower lip or back of hand |
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Definition
| fine, downy, unpigmented hair that appears on fetus in the last 3 months of development |
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fine, pale - 2/3 women hair
1/3 men hair - all hair of children except eyebrows, eyelashes, and scalp |
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| linger, coarser, more heavily pigmented - eyebrows, eyelashes, pubic hair, male facial, some trunk and limb hair |
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| Removal of burned skin within 24 hours to prevent infection and toxic effects on digestive, respitory and other system |
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Term
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Definition
| anagen, catagen and telogen |
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Term
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Definition
| stem cells in the follicle multiply and travel deeper into the dermis - hair matrix cells multiply and keratinize causing hair to grow upward |
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Term
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Definition
hair growth ceases, hairbulb keratinizes anf forms club hair - lower follicle degenerate
base of hair keratinizes which forms club hair - can be brushed out |
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Term
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Definition
| dermal papilla has ascended to level of bulge, club hair falls out, usually in telogen or next anagen |
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| acidic solution composed of urea, ammonia, potassium and sodium chloride |
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| where hair(pilus) grows within |
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| center of each hair - loosely arranged core of cells and air spaces |
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| location of miotically active cells which is the hair's growth center |
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Definition
| constitutes most of the bulk of a hair - several layers of elongated karatinized cells that appear cuboidal to flattened in cross sections |
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Definition
| a source of stem cells for follicle growth |
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| touch receptor in dermal papillae |
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| tissue taken from another location on the same person's body - not rejected by immune system |
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| skin taken from another species to heal burns |
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| guard hairs - guard the nostrils and ear canals and prevent foreign particles from entering easily |
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destruction of a carcinogenic lesion by heat
cold would be cryosurgery |
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| presence of extra nipples |
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| swollen/clubbed fingertips - a deficiency of oxygen in the blood stemming from conditions such as congenital heart defects ad emphysema |
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| predominantly adipose tissue - energy reservoir and thermal insulation |
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