Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Integumentary System
Virginia Tech Anatomy and Physiology
68
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
10/02/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Cyanosis
Definition
blueness of the skin resulting from a deficiency of oxygen in teh circulating blood (cold weather, choking, respiratory arrest, emphysema)
Term
erythema
Definition
abnormal redness of the skin - increased blood flow in dilated cutaneous blood vessels (sunburn)
Term
pallor
Definition
pale/ashen color when there is so little blood flow through the kin that the white color of the dermal collagen shows through (stress, low bp, cold temp. or severe amnesia)
Term
jaundice
Definition
yellowing of skin and eyes from high levels of bilirubin in the blood (bilirubin is a hemoglobin break down product)
Term
hematoma
Definition
bruise - clotted blood showing through the skin
Term
hemangiomas
Definition
birthmarks - patches of skin discolored by benign tumors of the blood capillaries (capillary, cavernous and port-wine)
Term
friction ridges
Definition
finger prints
Term
flexion lines
Definition
lines on the flexor surfaces of digits, palms, wrists, elbows, and other places
Term
eponychium
Definition
cuticle - narrow zone of dead skin
Term
nail body
Definition
visible attachment of nail to finger
Term
diaphoresis
Definition
noticeably wet skin as a result of heat, exercise and circulatory shock
Term
ceruminous glands
Definition
found only in external ear canal - secretion combines with sebum and dead epidermal cells to form cerumen(earwax)
Term
Sebaceous glands
Definition
produce the oily secretion -sebum, flask shaped, short ducts open to hair follicle - sebum keeps skin from becoming dry
Term
mammary glands
Definition
milk producing glands that develop within the female breast during pregnancy and lactation -modified apocrine glands
Term
merocrine glands (eccrine)
Definition
function in evaporation cooling
Term
myoepithelial cells
Definition
the sympathetic NS stimulates these to contract and squeeze the base of the gland, forcing perspriration up the duct
Term
Appocrine glands
Definition
sweat glands that function as scent glands - found in pubic, axillary and male facial hair regions - open by ducts into hair follicles
Term
sudoiferous glands
Definition
sweat glands
Term
Stem cells
Definition
undifferentiated cells that divide and give rise to keratinocytes - found only in stratum basale
Term
keratinocytes
Definition
great majority of epidermal cells - synthesize keratin
Term
melanocytes
Definition
synthesize melanin - found in stratum basale - produced melanin fragments which are phagocytized by keratinocytes which accumulate the melanin granules on the "sunny side" of nucleus - protecting the keratinocyte =
Term
Tactile (Merkel) cells
Definition
receptors for touch - stratum basale - tactile cell and nerve fiber is a tactile disc
Term
Dendritic (Langerhans) cells
Definition
found in stratum spinosum and granulosum - immune cells that orginiate in bone marrow and migrate to the epidermis and epithelia of oral cavity, esophagus and vagina - stand guard against toxins, microbes, & other pathogens - alert immune system
Term
Stratum basale
Definition
consists mainly of a single layer of cubodial to low columnar stem cells and keratinocytes - melaocytes, tactile cells and stem cells
Term
stratum spinosum
Definition
several layers of keratinocytes - usually the thickest stratum - produce more and more keratin filaments which cause the cells to flatten - higher in the stratum spinosum, the flatter the cells - keratinocytes linked with desosomes account for toughness of epidermis - desosomes create bridges from cell to cell giving them a spiny apperance - also have tight junctions which are essential to water retention - found in thin skin
Term
stratum granulosum
Definition
3-5 layers of flat keratinocytes - keratinocytes of this layer contain dark staining keratohyalin granules what give the layer its name
Term
st
Definition
Term
stratum lucidum
Definition
seen in thick skin - keratinocytes are densely packed with clear protein eleidin - pale, featureless appearance with indistinct cell boundaries
Term
stratum corneum
Definition
up to 30 layers of dead, keratinized cells - durable surface layer - resistant to abrasion, penetration, and water loss
Term
papillary layer of dermis
Definition
superficial 1/5 dermis - composed of areolar tissue - extend upward as dermal papillae
Term
reticular layer of dermis
Definition
deeper 4/5 dermis - dense irrefular connective tissue
Term
hypodermis
Definition
areolar or adipose tissue between skin and muscle
Term
melanin - eumelanin/pheomelanin
Definition
eumelanin - brownish black
pheomelanin - reddish-yellow sulfur containing pigment
Term
basal cell carcinoma
Definition
most common type of skin cancer
Term
melanoma
Definition
arises from melanocytes - ABCD - Asymmetry - one side looks dif
Border Irregularity - not uniform shape
Color - brown, black, tan
Diameter - greater then 6 mm
Term
alopecia
Definition
thinning of hair or baldness
Term
pattern baldness
Definition
hair is lost from select regions of the scalp rather than alopecia all over
Term
hirsutism
Definition
excessive or undesirable hairyness in areas that are usually not hairy
Term
hyponychium
Definition
nail bed epidermis
Term
lunule
Definition
white crescent at base of nail
Term
squamous cell cacinoma
Definition
arises from keratinocytes of stratum spinosum - usually appear on scalp, ears, lower lip or back of hand
Term
lanugo hair
Definition
fine, downy, unpigmented hair that appears on fetus in the last 3 months of development
Term
vellus hair
Definition
fine, pale - 2/3 women hair
1/3 men hair - all hair of children except eyebrows, eyelashes, and scalp
Term
terminal hair
Definition
linger, coarser, more heavily pigmented - eyebrows, eyelashes, pubic hair, male facial, some trunk and limb hair
Term
insensible perspiration
Definition
not noticable
Term
debridement
Definition
Removal of burned skin within 24 hours to prevent infection and toxic effects on digestive, respitory and other system
Term
hair cycle
Definition
anagen, catagen and telogen
Term
anagen stage
Definition
stem cells in the follicle multiply and travel deeper into the dermis - hair matrix cells multiply and keratinize causing hair to grow upward
Term
catagen
Definition
hair growth ceases, hairbulb keratinizes anf forms club hair - lower follicle degenerate
base of hair keratinizes which forms club hair - can be brushed out
Term
telogen
Definition
dermal papilla has ascended to level of bulge, club hair falls out, usually in telogen or next anagen
Term
pilus
Definition
individual hair
Term
sweat
Definition
acidic solution composed of urea, ammonia, potassium and sodium chloride
Term
hair follicle
Definition
where hair(pilus) grows within
Term
bromhidrosis
Definition
disagreeable body odor
Term
medulla
Definition
center of each hair - loosely arranged core of cells and air spaces
Term
hair matrix
Definition
location of miotically active cells which is the hair's growth center
Term
hair cortex
Definition
constitutes most of the bulk of a hair - several layers of elongated karatinized cells that appear cuboidal to flattened in cross sections
Term
bulge
Definition
a source of stem cells for follicle growth
Term
tactile corpuscle
Definition
touch receptor in dermal papillae
Term
eschar
Definition
burned, dead tissue
Term
skin graft - auto
Definition
tissue taken from another location on the same person's body - not rejected by immune system
Term
hetero/xenograft
Definition
skin taken from another species to heal burns
Term
lamellar corpuscle
Definition
pressure receptor
Term
vibrassae
Definition
guard hairs - guard the nostrils and ear canals and prevent foreign particles from entering easily
Term
electrodesiccation
Definition
destruction of a carcinogenic lesion by heat
cold would be cryosurgery
Term
polythelia
Definition
presence of extra nipples
Term
long-term hypoxemia
Definition
swollen/clubbed fingertips - a deficiency of oxygen in the blood stemming from conditions such as congenital heart defects ad emphysema
Term
subcutaneous fat
Definition
predominantly adipose tissue - energy reservoir and thermal insulation
Supporting users have an ad free experience!