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Integumentary System
N/A
34
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
01/31/2012

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Term
What makes up the integumentary system?
Definition
Skin and related structures (hair, nails, hooves, horns, claws, and glands).
Term
What are a few of the functions of the integumentary system?
Definition
protection, prevents water loss, excrete organic wastes, receive sensory, Vit. D, stores nutrients and aids immune defense.
Term
Name the 3 layers of the skin.
Definition
Epidermis, Dermis, and Hypodermis.
Term
What type of cells make up the epidermis?
Definition
karatinocytes, melanocytes, langerhans cells, and merkel cells.
Term
Name the 5 layers of the epidermis.
Definition
Stratum corneum, Stratum lucidum, Stratum granulosum, Stratum spinosum, and Stratum basale
Term
What type of cells make up the dermis?
Definition
Fibroblasts, adipocytes, and macrophages.
Term
What type of tissue makes the dermis?
Definition
dense irregular connective tissue.
Term
Name the 2 layers of the dermis.
Definition
superficial papillary layer, and the deeper reticular layer.
Term
Hypodermis is also referred to as the...
Definition
subcutaneous layer.
Term
1st degree burns damage the _____ layer of skin.
Definition
epidermis
Term
2nd degree burns damage the ___ layer of the skin.
Definition
epidermis and part of the dermis.
Term
3rd degree burns damage the ___ layer of the skin.
Definition
epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis.
Term
What are the functions of hair?
Definition
Protection, heat retention, sensory reception, visual ID or camouflage, and chemical signal dispersal.
Term
In what skin layer will you find the hair follicle?
Definition
epidermis.
Term
What does the arrector pili muscle do?
Definition
contraction of muscle pulls the hair up straight.
Term
What 3 layers is a hair strand divided into?
Definition
medulla (inner most), cortex (middle layer), and cuticle (outter shell).
Term
What are the stages of hair growth?
Definition
Anagen (hair begins to lengthen), Catagen (period of transition), Telogen (maximum length is reached).
Term
What gives hair its color?
Definition
number and type of melanin.
Term
What types of hair is found on animals and give an example for each?
Definition
primary or guard hairs - heckles
Secondary or wool hairs - full body coat.
Tactile hairs - whickers
Term
What are the cutaneous pouches in sheep and what do they do?
Definition
Infoldings of skin that contain fine hairs and oil glands. They secrete a fatty yellow substance which covers the skin when dry.
Term
What are ergots and chestnuts?
Definition
dark horny structures found on the legs of the equids.
Term
Types of glands of the skin?
Definition
sebaceous, sweat, tail, and anal glands.
Term
What is the function of the sebaceous glands?
Definition
secretes sebum through the duct into the hair follicle.
Term
What is sebum?
Definition
glycerides & free fatty acids.
Term
Sudoriferous glands
Definition
sweat glands
Term
Name the 2 types of sweat glands.
Definition
Merocrine and apocrine
Term
What is the difference between merocrine and apocrine?
Definition
merocrine empties onto the skin, apocrine empties into hair follicles.
Term
Where will you find canine sweat glands?
Definition
deep layers of fat and CT of the foot pads.
Term
Where is the tail glands on canines and felines?
Definition
Dorsal to the base of the tail.
Term
What is the tail glands purpose?
Definition
Provides identification of individual animals.
Term
What is a significant similarity between horns, hoofs, and hair?
Definition
Each structure is made with keratin.
Term
True or False: Horns continually erupt.
Definition
TRUE
Term
What does polled breeds mean?
Definition
Horn-free breed of a species that typically does have horns.
Term
What is the difference between horns and antlers?
Definition
Horns originate in the epidermis and if are removed they will not grow back. Antlers originate in the dermis and will annually shed.
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