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Integumentary System
N/A
81
Anatomy
11th Grade
11/08/2011

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Cards

Term
Which two things is the skin?
Definition
Organ and System
Term
Made up of stratified Squamous epithelium
Definition
Epidermis
Term
Are there blood vessels in the epidermis
Definition
No, so the cells will die
Term
Five Layers of the skin
Definition
Stratum Basale, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Corneum
Term
This is specialized to phagocytize microbes
Definition
Langerhan's Cells
Term
Cell division in skin occurs here
Definition
Stratum Basale
Term
Cells that are responsible for skin pigment, lack of which can cause albinism
Definition
Melanocytes
Term
Two other pigments in skin
Definition
Carotene (yellow), Hemoglibin (red in blood)
Term
Epidermis is made of this
Definition
Stratified squamous
Term
Dermis is made of this
Definition
Fibrous and Areolar
Term
Cause ridges of fingers that is used for friction
Definition
Dermal Papillae
Term
What does the Dermis contain (in terms of fibers and others)
Definition
Blood Vessels, nerve fibers and receptors, and Collagenous and Elastic (flixible and streachable) Fibers
Term
What can form if the blood is restricted?
Definition
Decubitus (pressure ulcers and bedsores)
Term
Hypodermis also called
Definition
Subcutaneous Layer
Term
Hypodermis tissue
Definition
Adipose and Areolar
Term
Cells in hair
Definition
Keratin (but also epidermal cells)
Term
Condition of excess body and facial hair
Definition
Hirsutism
Term
Hair Loss causing balding
Definition
Alopecia
Term
This produces oil and opens into follicle
Definition
Sebaceous Gland
Term
The white ring (occurring because its thicker) on nail is called this
Definition
Lunula
Term
This smooth muscle makes the hair stand on end
Definition
Arrector Pili
Term
Each follicle has this
Definition
A Nerve Ending
Term
Visible nail is called this
Definition
Nail Bed
Term
Sweat Glands are also called this
Definition
Sudoriferous Gland
Term
Densest location for sweat glands
Definition
Fingertips
Term
These glands open into hair follicles, develop during puberty
Definition
Apocrine Glands
Term
These glands open into the skin surface and become active when the body temperature rises
Definition
Eccrine Glands
Term
Ear's sweat glands are calld, and produce what?
Definition
Ceruminous glands; produces cerumen (wax)
Term
Sebaceous Glands secrete what
Definition
Sebum
Term
This lubricates the hair and skin making it waterproof
Definition
Sebum
Term
Results from inflammation of sebaceous glands that are overactive
Definition
Acne
Term
These glands produce milk
Definition
Mammary Glands
Term
Breast contains this
Definition
15-25 lobes divided into lobules
Term
This secretes and produces milk
Definition
Alveoli
Term
Skin contains receptors for these 4 things
Definition
Touch, Pressure, Pain, Temperature
Term
Three types of touch receptors
Definition
Meissner's Corpuscle, Merkle Disk, Kraute End Bulbs
Term
This touch receptor is sensitive to fine touch
Definition
Meissner's Corpuscle
Term
Two types of pressure receptors
Definition
Pacini Receptor and Ruffini Endings
Term
Temperature and pain are read by this
Definition
Free Nerve Endings
Term
Structural difference between hot, cold, and pain
Definition
(None)
Term
Hierarchy of most numerous touch receptors
Definition
Touch > Cold > Hot and Pain
Term
The skin protects body from this
Definition
Physical Trauma, Water Loss/ Gain, and Bacterial Invasion
Term
Body produces this when exposed to UV rays
Definition
Vitamin D
Term
What is vitamin D converted to?
Definition
Hormone called Calcitrol (which regulates mineral metabolism)
Term
Diseased due to lack of vitamin D that causes defective mineralization of the skeleton
Definition
Rickets
Term
4 functions of the skin
Definition
Protection, Vitamin D Synthesis, Sensory Reception, Regulation of Body Temperature
Term
The body does this when the temperature rises
Definition
Blood Vessels Dialate and Sweat is Released
Term
The body does this when the temperature falls
Definition
Blood Vessels Constrict, Muscles contract (shiver), idle sweat glands...
Term
Occurs when vessels constrict for a long time causing tissue damage
Definition
Frostbite
Term
This occurs when the body's regulatory mechanisms have been overcome
Definition
Heat Exhaustion or Hypothermia
Term
Symptoms of Hyperthermia
Definition
Cannot sweat, tired, headaches, vomiting, low blood pressure
Term
Elevated body temperature can cause this
Definition
Heat Stroke
Term
Symptoms of Heat Stroke
Definition
Dizziness, confusion
Term
Body temperature above normal called this
Definition
fever
Term
Bacteria or a virus releases toxic substances called this during fever
Definition
Pyrogens
Term
Symptoms of Hypothermia
Definition
shivering, incoherent speach, pulse slows...
Term
Fungal Infection
Definition
Athlete's Foot
Term
Bacterial infection containing pustules that crust over
Definition
Impetigo
Term
Overactive cell division resulting in scaling
Definition
Eczema / Psoriasis
Term
Accelerated rate of keratinization
Definition
Dandruff
Term
Hives that occur to an allergic reaction
Definition
Urticaria
Term
Malignant type of skin cancer appearing as a mole due to severe sunburn
Definition
Melanoma
Term
Mole Evaluation components
Definition
ABCDE: Asymetrical (not circular), Border (not smooth, irregular), Color (patches of different colors), Diameter (if its > a pencil tip), Elevation (above the surface of the skin)
Term
Common type of Skin cancer causing a tumor from UV Radiation - forms an open sore that will not heal
Definition
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Term
Type of skin cancer that can spread to organs, and have the same signs as basal cell carcinoma except that it may also show itself as a bleeding wart and scabs.
Definition
Squamous cell Carcinoma
Term
This skin irregularity is due to a viral infection that causes an overgrowth of melanocytes
Definition
Moles and Warts
Term
These things can cause burns
Definition
Radioactive material, Chemical, Electrical, or Heat Agents
Term
Degree of burn where only the epidermis is affected resulting in only redness and pain - skin peels in a week
Definition
1st Degree Burn
Term
Degree of burn which affects the epidermis and part of the dermis resulting in redness, pain, and blistering - heals in 10-14 days and may scar
Definition
2nd Degree Burn
Term
Degree of burn where the full thickness of the skin is destroyed - there is no pain, and blood vessels, sweat glands, etc are destroyed
Definition
3rd Degree Burn
Term
Degree of burn where all tissue, muscle, etc is destroyed down to the bone - survival is unlikely for big burns
Definition
4th Degree Burn
Term
The major concerns with severe burns
Definition
Fluid Loss, Heat Loss, Bacterial Infections
Term
Process that removes skin from other body parts and placing it over the burn
Definition
Skin Grafting (can either be Auto or Heterografting)
Term
The 11 regions of the body worth 9% to classify burn severity
Definition
Head and Neck - 9%
Each upper limb - 9% * 2 = 18%
Each lower limb (w/ 2 regions) - 18% * 2 = 36%
Front and Back of torso (w/ 2 regions each side): 18 * 2 = 36%
Perineum: 1%
Term
When blood clots, it forms this
Definition
scab
Term
This occurs if a deep wound. It's Composed of collagenous fibers to provide strength - no nerves and no pain
Definition
Scar
Term
Why Wrinkles Occur
Definition
1. Epidermis thickness remains, but less cells
2. Dermis becomes thicker and is held loosely
3. Hypodermis has less padding
Term
Why skin cracks and hair changes
Definition
Less oil is produced and hair follicles decreased, less melanocytes...
Term
How the dermal fibers cahnge
Definition
Collagenous and elastic fibers become coarser and thicker
Term
Most changes for aging are due to this
Definition
Lifetime of UV ratiation
Term
The hair follicle is located here
Definition
Epidermis
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