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Integumentary system
exam review
46
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
11/04/2010

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Term
Medical Terms for SKIN
Definition
dermo, dermato, and cutaneo
Term
How does the Integumentary System maintain body temperature
Definition
-the skin responds by using perspiration to lower back to normal
- § The skin is also able to dilate or constrict blood vessels to vent
Term
How does the Integumentary System provide protection?
Definition
-microorganisms infiltrating the skin
-Chemicals: acids and alkalines
-Sun
Term
Sensory Receptors
Definition
transmits sensation to the brain such as cold, pain, heat, touch, and pressure
Term
Vitamin D
Definition
chemical which is formed by cells in the skin, it is absorbed and into the blood, and then to digestive system
- § Captures the molecules of calcium, without it will become calcium deficient
-UV radiation (the sun) stimulates the production
Term
Four distinct cell types of the skin
Definition
Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, Langerhans cells, Merkel cells
Term
Keratinocytes
Definition
-produces karatin
-cells are constantly pushed to the surface by the production of new cells at the basal surface
-once they reach the apical surface they are dead cells
Term
Melanocytes
Definition
-synthesizes the pigment melanin
-melanin is a pigment which gives skin color
-found in deepest part of epidermis
-protects us from UV light
Term
Langerhans cells
Definition
-belongs to the immune system
-arise from bone marrow
-act as a macrophage
Term
Merkel cells
Definition
associated with sensory nerve endings, "touch" receptors
Term
Five layers of skin listed from deepest to most superficial
Definition
stratum basale-->stratum spinosum-->stratum granulosum-->stratum lucidum-->stratum corneium
Term
stratum basale
Definition
Deepest layer, composed of a single row of cuboidal or columnar keratinocytes that contain scattered tonofilaments (intermediate filaments); stem cells undergoe cell division to produce a new keratinocytes melanocytes and Merkel cells.
Term
Stratum Spinosum
Definition
eight to ten rows of many-sided keratinocytes with bundles of tonofilaments; includes armlike processes of melanocytes and Langerhan cells
Term
Stratum Granulosum
Definition
Three to five rows of many-sided keratinocytes, in which organelles are beginning to degenerate; cells contain the protein keratohyalin, which converts tonofilaments into keratin, and lamerllar granules, which release a lipid-rich, water-repellent secretion.
Term
Stratum Lucidum
Definition
Present only in skin of fingertips, palms, and soles; consists of three to five rows of clear, flat, dead keratinocytes with large amounts of keratin
Term
Stratum Corneum
Definition
Twenty-five to thirty rows of dead, flat keratinocytes that contain mostly keratin
Term
Regions of the Epidermis
Definition
Papillary and Reticular
Term
Papillary Region
Definition
the superficial portion of the dermis(about 1/5); consists of areolar connective tissue with thin collagen and fine elastic fibers; contains dermal ridges that house capillaries, Meissner corpuscles, and free nerve endings
Term
Reticullar Region
Definition
The deepest portion of the dermis (4/5); consists of dense irregular connective tissue with bundles of thick collagen and some coarse elastic fibers. spaces between fibers contain some adipose cells, hair follicles, nerves, sebaceous glands, and sudoriferous glands
Term
carotene
Definition
a yellow-orange pigment that gives egg yolk and carrots their color.
Term
Albinism
Definition
the inherited inability of an individual to produce melanin, melanin is missing fro their hair, skin, and eyes
Term
Anatomy of Hair: shaft
Definition
superficial portion of hair which projects above the surface of the skin
Term
Anatomy of Hair:root
Definition
the portion of the hair deep to the shaft that penetrates into the dermis, and sometimes into the subcutaneous layer
Term
Shaft and Root's three concentric layers of cells
Definition
medulla(is lacking in people with thin hair), cortex(consists of elongated cells, major part of the shaft), and cuticle(outermost layer, consists of a single layer of thin, flat cells that are mostly heavily keratinized, arranged like shingles on a house)
Term
Anatomy of Hair:Hair follicle
Definition
surrounding the root of the hair, made up of an external root sheath and an internal root sheath which is refered to together as epitheial root shaft
Term
Anatomy of Hair:dermal root sheath
Definition
the dense dermis surrounding the hair follicle
Term
Anatomy of Hair: arector pili
Definition
bundle of smooth muscle associated with hairs
Term
Anatomy of Hair:hair root plexus
Definition
surrounding hair follicles are dendrites of neurons that are sensitive to touch
Term
Lunugo
Definition
usually by the fifth month of development(in utero) the follicles produce very fine, non pigmented, downy hairs that covers the body of the fetus
Term
terminal hairs
Definition
prior to birth the lanugo of the eyebrows, eyelashes and scalp are shed and replaced by long, coarse, heavily pigmented hairs
Term
vellus hairs
Definition
the lanugo of the rest of the body is replaced with________, commonly called "peach fuzz" which are short fine pale hairs that hairs that are barely visible to the naked eye.
Term
sudoriferous glands
Definition
sweat glands, release sweat or perspiration into hair follicles or onto the skin surface through pores.
Term
eccrine sweat glands or merocrine sweat glands
Definition
simple coiled tubular glands that are much more common than apocrine sweat glands, especially common in skin of forehead, palms, and soles
Term
thermoregulation
Definition
The homeostasis regulation of body temperature is known as __________. Uses eccrine sweat glands
Term
Apocrine sweat glands
Definition
also simple, coiled tubular glands, found mainly in the skin of the axilla, groin, areolae(pigmented areas around nipples), secretion is via exocytosis, sweat is slightly viscous and appears milky or yellowish in color
Term
ceruminous glands
Definition
modified sweat glands in the external ear, produces waxy lubricating secretion
Term
Anatomy of a Nail: nail body(plate)
Definition
visible portion of the nail
Term
Anatomy of a Nail: free edge
Definition
part of the nail body that may extend past the distal end of the digit
Term
Anatomy of a Nail:nail root
Definition
portion of the nail buried in a fold of skin
Term
Anatomy of a Nail: lunula
Definition
whitish, crescent-shaped area of the proximal end of the nail body
Term
Anatomy of a Nail: hyponychium or nail bed
Definition
beneath free edge is thicked region of strum cornium called ________or ________ which secures the nail to the fingertip
Term
Anatomy of a Nail:nail matrix
Definition
the proximal portion of epithelium deep to the nail root is the _________, where cells divide by mitosis to produce growth
Term
First Degree Burn
Definition
Superficial burn, containing only the epidermis, such as sunburn
Term
Second Degree Burn
Definition
partial thickness burn affecting the dermis and epidermis which causes blistering
Term
Third Degree Burn
Definition
Full thickness burn which affects epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer of skin
Term
Rule of Nine
Definition
used for estimating the suraface area affected by a burn in an adult is the _______
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