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Integumentary System
Skin, Hair, Nails
26
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
09/23/2007

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Cards

Term
The skin is made of three layers, what are they?
Definition
epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer.
Term
The Epidermis contains 4 types of cells, what are they?
Definition
keratinocytes, melanocytes, langerhan cells, and merkel cells.
Term
Keratinocytes, which make up 90% of epidermal cells do what for skin?
Definition
Protects skin and underlying tissues from heat, microbes, and chemicals. These cells also produce lamellar granules, which release a water-repellent sealant.
Term
Melanocytes, which are mainly in the stratum basale, make what for skin?
Definition
Melanin, a yellow to brown to blackpigment that contributes to skin color, is made by melanocytes.
Term
Langerhan Cells, which arise from red bone marrow, migrate where? and do what?
Definition
to the epidermis, and participate in immune responses againts microbes that invade skin.
Term
Merkel Cells, which are the least numerous of epidermal cells, are located where? and do what?
Definition
merkel cells are located in the deepest layer of the epidermis. They detect certain aspects of touch.
Term
Stratum Basale
Definition
Deepest layer of epidermis, single layer of cells in contact with dermis, also called sratum germinativum, to indicate its role in forming new cells.
Term
Stratum Spinosum
Definition
superficial to stratum basale, provides strength and flexibility.
Term
Stratum Granulosum
Definition
3-4 rows of flattened cells. formation of water-repellent between cells.
Term
stratum lucidium
Definition
only present on fingertips, palms and soles. thick skin.
Term
stratum corneum
Definition
25-30 layers of dead kerotinocytes, true skin protector.
Term
Papillary and Reticular layers make up what?
Definition
The Dermis.
Term
The Papillary Layer
Definition
projections called dermal papillae, pain receptors, and capillary loops.
Term
The corpuscles of touch or meissner corpuscles are what?
Definition
nerve endings that are sensitive to touch
Term
reticular region
Definition
attached to subcutaneous layer, contains blood vessels and nerves, and glands.
Term
integumentary effectors consist of muscles or glands within ? and does what?
Definition
the dermis, and responds to motor impulses transmitted from cns to skin.
Term
Name three things about thin skin that is different from thick skin.
Definition
covers remaining part of body, no stratum lucidium, dermal papillae-fewer and broader, lacks epidermal ridges, hair follicle, errector pili muscles, sebaceous glands, fewer sweat glands.
Term
what are the three skin color determinants?
Definition
melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin.
Term
the shaft
Definition
superficial portion of hair, which projects above surface of skin.
Term
the root
Definition
portion of the hair deep to the shaft that penetrates into the dermis, and sometimes into the subcutaneous layer.
Term
the shaft and root both consists of three layers, what are they?
Definition
medulla, cortex, and cuticle of the hair.
Term
papillae of the hair
Definition
contains areolar connective tissue and many blood vessels that nourish the growing hair follicle.
Term
sebaceous or oil glands
Definition
secrete sebum that helps the hair from drying and becoming brittle. prevents excessive evaporation of water from skin
Term
sudoriferous or sweat glands are divided into two main types, what are they?
Definition
eccrine and apocrin sweat glands.
Term
ecrrine sweat glands
Definition
open via duct to pore on skin surface
Term
apocrine sweat glands
Definition
begins to function at puberty and located mainly in axilla, groun, areolae, male bears
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