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Integumentary & Lymphatic Sys.
Class 107 - Test Review
84
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
05/18/2006

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Cards

Term
SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
Definition
Malignant keratinocytes in outer layer of epidermis. Does not metastasize.
Term
MITES
Definition
Contagious. Parasite infection. Are invisible to the eye, cause skin lesions called scabies. Common locations are the groin, axillary, anteriour elbows, between fingers, and in skin folds. Spread thru personal contact.
Term
TONSILS
Definition
Largest lymph nodes.
Term
IMPETIGO
Definition
Contagious. Bacterial infection with lesions around nose, mouth, and ear canals. Can spread to any skin area.
Term
TYPE I HERPES
Definition
Contagious. Viral infection. Typically called cold sores or fever blisters. Located on lips, facial area, or oral cavity. They may erupt during times of lowered immunity, or prolonged sun exposure.
Term
TINEA PEDIS (ATHLETE'S FOOT)
Definition
Contagious. Fungal. Concentrated on skin between toes. Signs include buring, itching, cracking, and/or peeling skin. Can live under the toenails.
Term
FURUNCLE (BOIL)
Definition
Contagious. Infection of the subcutaneous layer of skin, gland, or hair follicle. Looks like acne, but is bigger. Occurs singly.
Term
LYMPH COLLECTING DUCTS
Definition
Thoracic Duct: covers 3/4 of the body
Right Lymphatic Duct: covers 1/4 of the body
Term
PLANTAR WARTS
Definition
Contagious. Located on the foot. Can grow inward and cause pain during walking.
Term
HEAD LICE
Definition
Contagious. Parasite infection. Arthropod that lives in head hair and sucks blood from scalp. Can be seen without a microscope.
Term
INFECTION
Definition
An inflammatory response gone wrong.
Term
LYMPHOCYTES
Definition
Individual cells in the lymphatic system.
Term
ANTIGENS
Definition
"Bad Cell" proteins
Term
ATOPIC DERMATITIS/ECZEMA
Definition
Short-term immune allergic response to not-threatening stimuli. A non-contagious skin rash.
Term
MALIGNANT MELANOMA
Definition
Rapid dividing skin cancer. Melanocytes replicate without control.
Term
SKIN'S METHOD OF HEAT LOSS
Definition
1. Sweating
2. Vasodilation
Term
HIVES
Definition
An inflammatory skin reaction to allergen or emotional stress.
Term
FIVE SIGNS OF INFLAMMATION
Definition
1. Heat
2. Redness
3. Edema (swelling)
4. Pain
5. Loss of Function
Term
LYMPHATIC TRUNK
Definition
Lymphatic vessels that come together to form this larger branch.
Term
NATURALLY acquired ACTIVE immunity
Definition
Immunity earned yourself (you fought the disease).
Term
PATHOGENS
Definition
1. Viruses
2. Bacteria
3. Fungus
4. Parasites
Term
FUNCTION OF BLOOD
Definition
1. Transportation (gasses, nutrients, hormones, water, wastes)
2. Regulation (blood PH, temperature, electrolyte compositon)
3. Protection (blood clotting, immune system)
Term
T-CELLS
Definition
A thymus-dependent lymphocyte where specific viruses are "learned."
Term
THROMBUS
Definition
A blood clot that obstructs a blood vessel.
Term
PSORIASIS
Definition
A chronic skin disorder where epithelial cells are rapidly dividing.
Term
BENIGN NEOPLASM (TUMOR)
Definition
Areas where melanocytes replicate but do not invade surrounding tissues. Skin is raised and has a different texture from surrounding skin. Can be called a birthmark or mole.
Term
LYMPHATIC CAPILLARIES
Definition
Single-cell wall vessels in the the lymphatic system.
Term
SEBORRHEIC ECZEMA
Definition
Skin condition resulting in redness and dry, flaky skin in areas where the sebaceous glands are most active - scalp, nose, knees, elbows and hands.
Term
LEUKOCYTE
Definition
White blood cells (formed in red bone marrow). Can live forever.
Term
ENDOTHELIAL INJURY
Definition
Clotting inside a blood vessel.
Term
ARTIFICIALLY acquired PASSIVE immunity
Definition
Taking drugs, perscriptions, antibiotics.
Term
CARBUNCLE (ABSCESS)
Definition
Contagious. Arising from several contagious hair follicles. Infection over a large area. Usually accompanied by fever and discomfort.
Term
ECCRINE
Definition
Typical sweat from sweat glands. Used to regulate body temperature.
Term
SEBACEOUS GLANDS
Definition
Structure responsible for making cells that produce fatty material and then burst. This mixture is called Sebum. It softens and waterproofs skin and hair. Inhibits bacterial growth.
Term
ACNE VULGARIS
Definition
Non-contagious. Chronic inflammation with bacterial infection of sebaceous glands and hair follicles.
Term
BRUISE
Definition
Condition where skin can be blue or yellow in color. Hematoma or circulatory problem.
Term
ROLE OF LYMPH NODES IN INFLAMMATION
Definition
1. Drain and sample fluid accumulated in the extracellular mix.
2. Secondary line of defense (kills invaders)
3. Bacteremia
Term
FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN
Definition
Serves as (1) protection, (2) maintenance of temperature and blood pressure (3) storage and excretion (vitamin D) (4) sensory reception
Term
FUNCTIONS OF LYMPH
Definition
(1) returns substances that leaked out of blood capillaries to the blood stream, (2) transports foreight particles (bacteria and viruses) to lymph nodes for filtering.
Term
LYMPHATIC VESSELS
Definition
These carry lymph (fluid) and lymphocytes (cells).
Term
EMBOLUS
Definition
A blood clot that moves.
Term
SKIN'S ACCESSORY STRUCTURES
Definition
(1) hair follicles, (2) sebaceous glands, (3) sweat glands, (4) nails
Term
PALLOR
Definition
Condition where skin is pale - from lack of light, feeling sick or faint.
Term
FUNCTIONS OF HAIR
Definition
Functions: (1) protect, (2) insulate, (3) cushion, (4) filter
Term
COMPOSITION OF BLOOD
Definition
Plasma (55% of blood), Cells (45% of blood)
Term
DYSHIDROTIC ECZEMA
Definition
Skin condition that results in blistered, weepy skin. Primarily located on hands and feet. Massage is locally contraindicated.
Term
BASIL CELL CARCINOMA
Definition
Slow-growning, has limited capacity to metastasize. Tumor of epithelial cells in basil levels of epidermis. Arises from tissue that has the capacity to grow hair.
Term
SKIN'S METHOD OF HEAT RETENTION/PRODUCTION
Definition
(1) vasoconstriction (2) decreased activity of sweat glands (3) chemical thermogeneis (increased metabolism) (4) shivering
Term
FUNCTION OF LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
Definition
(1) fluid return from the body tissues to blood (gathers water from blood) (2) distribution (3) defense (from infection and disease
Term
SEQUENCE OF INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
Definition
(1) tissue injury (2) vasodilation (3) inceased vascular permeability (4) white blood cells migrate to area of injury (5) fever induced by white blood cells (6) phagocytosis (capture of extracellular objects)
Term
VERRUCA VULGARIS (WARTS)
Definition
Contagious. Viral infection. Caused by slow acting virus. Located in the blood and sheds skin cells. Tends to go away on its own.
Term
SKIN ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUES
Definition
Technique: (1) observation (2) palpation
Term
NK-CELLS
Definition
"Natural Killer" cells that circulate in the body that attack foreign cells and normal cells that are infected with viruses.
Term
STRUCTURE OF SKIN
Definition
Contains 3 layers: (1) epidermis - outer layer (2) dermis - middle layer (3) subcutaneous or hypodermis - bottom layer
Term
LYMPH NODES/GLANDS
Definition
Areas that clean the water and interstitial fluid in the body. Located in cervical, axillary, inguinal, pelvic, abdominal, and thoracic regions.
Term
ALBINISM
Definition
Condition where skin is white from lack of pigment.
Term
SIGNS OF AGING IN THE SKIN
Definition
(1) Dermis & epidermis becomes thinner/drier/weaker (2) Melanocyte production declines (3) Glandular activity declines (4) Hair follicles stop functioning (5) Circulation decreases (6) Skin heals slowly (7) Decreased pain perception (8) Finger and toe nails thicken and harden
Term
MOVEMENT OF LYMPH
Definition
(1) contraction of skeletal muscles (2) pressure changes due to action of respiratory muscles (3) contraction of smooth muscles in walls of larger lymphatic vessels
Term
PUBIC LICE
Definition
Contagious. Parasite infection. Arthropod that looks like a crab, prefers coarse hair (groin), spread by sexual contact or infested sheets and bedding. Primary symptom is itching.
Term
B-CELLS
Definition
Lymphocytes produced in the bone marrow. Creates the antibodies that link to "bad" viruses.
Term
SPLEEN
Definition
A major blood organ, blood filter and reservoir.
Term
INNATE or NON-SPECIFIC IMMUNITY
Definition
(1) physical barriers (skin, mucous membranes, secretions) (2) monocyte-macrophage system (eats thru foreign objects) (3) immunological surveillance (NK Cells) (4) interferon (5) complement (6) inflammatory response and fever
Term
CELLULITIS
Definition
Infection that developes under/within the skin, usually through a cut or sore.
Term
CYANOSIS
Definition
Condition where skin is blue in color - can be from lack of oxygen.
Term
SPECIFIC IMMUNITY
Definition
Type of immunity: resistance to foreign agents via lymphocytes that recognize the presence of particular foreign substances and then act to eliminate them.
Term
MASSAGE CAUTIONS FOR SKIN PATHOLOGIES
Definition
(1) When in doubt, dont! Get a MD referral (2) If it doesn't look good, don't touch it (3) Systemic signs - fever weakness, etc. (4) If contagious, is locally contraindicated (5) Wash hands before and after massage (6) Don't touch face/hands during massage (7) Use bleach when washing sheets (8) Observe universal precautions (9) Consult MD if specific lesions are present or clinet has history of skin cancer
Term
ERYTHEMA
Definition
Condition where skin is red - may be from capillary congestion.
Term
LOCAL FACTORS THAT PREVENT NORMAL INFLAMMATORY REPAIR
Definition
(1) Infection (2) foreign material in wound (3) inadequate blood supply
Term
TINEA CORPORIS (RINGWORM)
Definition
Contagious. Fungal. Begins as one small itchy patch. Scratching causes it to spread to other areas. Can look like circles or rings.
Term
NATURALLY acquired PASSIVE immunity
Definition
Immunity received by mother thru birth, womb, etc.
Term
HERPES ZOSTER (SHINGLES)
Definition
Contagious. Viral infection. The reactivation of the virus that causes Chicken Pox.
Term
EFFECTS OF MASSAGE ON LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
Definition
(1) increases lymphatic flow (2) reduces edema (swelling, excess interstitial flud) (3) enhances immune filtering function
Term
APOCRINE
Definition
Part of a sweat gland that produces body odor, especially in the axillary and groin regions.
Term
THYMUS
Definition
"School" for lymphocytes to learn to recognize a particular virus. Shrinks as one ages.
Term
TYPE II HERPES
Definition
Contagious. Viral infection. Located below the waist on the genetals, buttocks and thighs. Correlates with stress. Effects are fever, muscle aches, swelling of inguinal lymph nodes, painful urination.
Term
VITILIGO
Definition
Condition where skin has white patches or spots.
Term
SYSTEMIC FACTORS THAT PREVENT NORMAL INFLAMMATORY REPAIR
Definition
(1) protein malnutrition (2) vitamin C deficiency - scurvy (3) synthetic glucocorticoid therapy (4) Diabetes Mellitus (5) inadequate levels of circulating white blood cells
Term
ERYTHROCYTE
Definition
Red blood cell - made in red bone marrow. Lives only 4 months.
Term
MALIGNANT (CANCEROUS) LESIONS
Definition
Signs include: (A) asymmetry (B) border (C) color (D) diameter (E) elevation or enlargement
Term
ARTIFICIALLY acquired ACTIVE immunity
Definition
Immunization via a shot.
Term
SKIN COLOR
Definition
Determined by the amount of melanin or pigment in the skin. Has both genetic and environmental influences
Term
JAUNDICE
Definition
Condition where skin is yellow in color. Can be a sign of liver problems.
Term
INTERSTITIAL or EXTRACELLULAR FLUID
Definition
Fluid not inside cells or blood vessels.
Term
KAPOSI'S SARCOMA
Definition
A highly malignant tumor of the vascular system. Associated with HIV, renal transplant patients, and individuals treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy for cancer.
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