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Integument
Week 1 Integument Lectures
54
Veterinary Medicine
Graduate
07/06/2015

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Term
Cell Structure of Epidermis
Definition
stratified, keratinised, squamous epithelium.
Term
Cell Structure of Basement Membrance
Definition
thin, fibrous, non-cellular region used to attach epithelium to endothelium
Term
Cell Structure of Dermis/Corium
Definition
dense, irregular connective tissue
Term
Cell Structure of Subcutis/Hypodermis
Definition
adipose tissue and loose connective tissue. (lies about muscle, gives skin flexibility to move over muscles)
Term
Adnexa
Definition
Area of hair and glands associated with the skin.
Term
Hair Follicle parts
Definition
Simple vs. compound (# of hairs coming out/undercoat)
sebaceous glands
sweat glands (apocrine or ecrine)
Erector pili muscle.
Term
Function of Integument
Definition
Protection: barrier from microbes, photoprotection
thermoregulation
sensory precetion
storage
synthesis of VitD3
immuno-surveillance
Term
Clinical importance
Definition
Indicator of systemic conditions (allergy/dermatitis/parasitism)
Term
exogenous factors affecting skin
Definition
nutrition, microbes, chemicals, parasitism, allergies
Term
endogenous factors affecting skin
Definition
immunologic
Term
embryologic origin of epidermis
Definition
ectoderm
Term
embryologic origin of dermis
Definition
mesoderm
Term
structure of epidermis
Definition
Stratum Corneum
Stratum Granulosum
(Stratum Lucideum)
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Basale
Term
Stratum Basale
Definition
single layer of cells as a base
Term
Stratum Spinosum
Definition
exterior to base, thickness is 3-4 cells in the layer, with spines visible between cells
Term
Stratum Lucideum
Definition
thin layer of amorphous material. found only in thick, hairless skin
Term
Stratum Granulosum
Definition
many compact cells, almost completely keratinised
Term
Stratum Corneum
Definition
all compact calls, completely keratinised/cornified
Term
Cells found in Epidermis
Definition
Basal Cell
Melanocyte
Merkle Cell
Langerhans
Term
Basal Cell
Definition
Keratinocyte (responsible for keratinisation) found in stratum Basale
Term
Melanocyte
Definition
Dendritic cell responsible for photo-protection and sensitisation. found in Stratum Basale, with arms in stratum Spinosum
Term
Merkle Cell
Definition
responsible for sensation of light touch. found in stratum basale
Term
Langerhans
Definition
dendritic cells responsible for immuno-surveillance. found between stratum spinosum and granulosum
Term
Keratinisation
Definition
the process of cornifying cells
Term
Stratum Basale role in keratinisation
Definition
has stem cells and basal cells
mitotically active and produce tonofilaments KERATIN 5 and 14!
Term
Stratum Spinosum role in keratinisation
Definition
KERATIN 1 and 10 production begins and replaces 5 and 14.
Lamellar bodies (filled with lipids) begin to form within cells
Filaggrin forms FROM profilaggrin (kerato-hyalin granules)
Term
Stratum Granulosum role in keratinisation
Definition
Filaggrin causes keratins to aggregate.
Nucleus begins to disintegrate.
Lamellar bodies found at outer edges of cell and expel lipids to coat the cell
Term
Stratum Corneum
Definition
cornified envelope forms (loricrin and involucrin)
filarggrin breaks down to amino acids (natural moisturising factors)
Corneodesmosomes (proteins) rivet corneocytes (squames) together for structural integrity
Term
Histological Appearance of Thick hairless skin
(ie. digit pad of dog)
Definition
epidermis thickened
dermal-epidermal border interdigitated (DERMAL PEGS)
no hair follicles
sweat glands
UNDER MASSONS TRICHROME STAIN
Term
UNDER MASSONS TRICHROME STAIN
Definition
dermis
blue: collagen fibers and connective tissue
red: elastin fibers

epidermis
granules in stratum granulosum very obvious
yellow: stratum corneum
Term
Histological Appearance of Hairy Skin
(ie. dorsal thorax of dog)
Definition
epidermis thin
dermis hair follicles + assoc. sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and potential secondary hair follicles
Term
Structure of Dermis/Coreum
Definition
Dense, irregular connective tissue
Term
Cells found in Dermis/Coreum
Definition
fibroblasts (create new fibres)
fibrocytes (maintain fibres)
mast cells
Macrophages
Plasma cells (transient)
Term
Fibres for in Dermis/Coreum
Definition
Collagen
Reticular
Elastic
Term
Ground substances of Dermis/Coreum
Definition
dense fluid (proteoglycans and glyco proteins)
Term
Blood Supply of skin
Definition
epidermis nourished by diffusion of blood from dermis (no real vascular structures)
Superficial plexus
Middle plexus
Deep plexus
Term
Arterio-venous (AV) Anastomosis
Definition
shunt in dermal vasculature which allows blood to skip superficial plexus
used for thermoregulation
Term
Hair in domestic species
Definition
completely covers body except hoof/foot pad, glans penis, mucocutaneous junction, and (in some spp.) teat
Term
Location of hair production
Definition
dermis
Term
Function of Hair
Definition
mechanical/physical protection
thermo-regulation
sensory perception
Term
Embryonic development of hair follicle
Definition
comes from invagination of primative epidermis. begins with localized thickening of epidermis (ectodermal bud) and grows down into underlying MESENCHYME
Term
Simple Hair Follicle parts
Definition
Shaft (cuticle - outer layer, cortex, medulla - inner layer)
Root (internal and external sheath)
Bulb (hair matrix cells)
Term
Hair Bulb and Keratogeneous Zone
Definition
Matrix cells mitotically active (depended on Dermal Papilla)
Keratogeneous Zone: hard keratin formed (differentiates into hair and inner root sheath)
Melanocytes pigment hair
Term
Compound Hair Follicle
Definition
at birth: simple follicle
<6 months: development of secondary follicles (undercoat)
>6 months: compound hair follicle
Term
Tactile/Sinus Hair
Definition
limited facial distribution
extremely large
specialised for tactile sense: BLOOD SINUS between INTERNAL and EXTERNAL root sheath amplifies motion of hair
TRABECULAE - connective tissue which compartmentalises sinus (in horse and ruminants0
Term
Phases of Hair Cycle
Definition
cyclic.
Anagen -> Catagen -> Telogen -> New Anagen and Endogen
Term
Anagen
Definition
terminal follicle
full grown, normal hair
Term
Catagen
Definition
regressive follicle
relationship between matrix and papilla braks down
Term
Telogen
Definition
Quiescent follicle.
papilla extends up to end of base of follicle
Term
New Anagen
Definition
Renewed Follicle.
new hair grows underneath old
Term
Endogen
Definition
Shedding follicle
old hair expelled from follicle
Term
Sebaceous Glands
Definition
produce sebum for waterproofing, suppleness, and to spread sweat.
pale purple staining
HOLOCRINE
Term
Sweat Glands
Definition
ultra-filtrate of blood plasma
thermoreg, excretion, scent signalling.
simple cuboidal epithelium (1 layer in secretory portion, 2 layers in excretory duct)
APOCRINE and ECCRINE
looks like hula hoops on histo
Term
Claws hoofs and horns
Definition
retain structural organisation of epidermal, dermal and subcutis. have equivalent layers.
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