Term
| What are the components of the integument? |
|
Definition
| skin/hide sweat & oil glands hair/wool/feathers nails horns |
|
|
Term
True or False
Horns are modifications of the surface epithelium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some functions of the integument? |
|
Definition
protection (microbes, parasites, sun, abrasion)
prevent dehydration
regulate body temperature
excretion of wastes
gather food (claws...birds)
sensory information |
|
|
Term
| What is the advantage of loose attachment of skin to underlying body structures? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 layers of skin? |
|
Definition
epidermis
dermis
hypodermis |
|
|
Term
| What is the term for the layer of flat cells that make up the epithelium? |
|
Definition
| stratified squamous epithelium |
|
|
Term
True or False
The epidermis is avascular with an extensive network of nerve endings |
|
Definition
False
There are no nerve endings in the epidermis |
|
|
Term
| What is the term for the basal layer of the epidermis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What makes up the basement membrane? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the cell conversion process of the epidermis |
|
Definition
-cells migrate to surface, flatten, die, lose organelles
-superficial cells keratinize & harden |
|
|
Term
| This is a fibrous protein with poor essential amino acid balance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of keratin in the epidermis? |
|
Definition
| makes the skin tough & resistant to drying |
|
|
Term
| These cells anchor & connect keratinocytes in the epidermis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These cells produce pigment (melanin) to protect against UV radiation in the epidermis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These cells act as sensory receptors to touch & are found at the junction between the dermis & epidermis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These cells phagocytise foreign debris/microorganisms in the epidermis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What separates the dermis from the epidermis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the relationship between epidermis & dermis |
|
Definition
| folds of epidermis & papillae of dermis interdigitate |
|
|
Term
| What is another term for dermis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What glands secrete fluids within the dermis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
The dermis contains blood vessels & nerve endings |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
Hair follicles are found in the epidermis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What gives the dermis its strength and flexibility? |
|
Definition
-fibroelastic connective tissue
(collagen elastin & reticular fibers) |
|
|
Term
| The epidermis is considered ________ in nature while the dermis is considered ________ in nature |
|
Definition
epidermis - cellular
dermis - fibrous |
|
|
Term
| The subcutaneous fat layer is the ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two tissues that make up the hypodermis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of areolar tissue in the hypodermis? |
|
Definition
| allows skin to move over underlying muscle & bone without tearing |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of adipose tissue in the hypodermis? |
|
Definition
| shock absorption & thermal insulation |
|
|
Term
| What touch receptors are found in the hypodermis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are there are large number of blood vessels in the hypodermis? |
|
Definition
| -create fat depositions & transport fat to other parts of the body if needed as an energy source |
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of sweat glands? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which sweat glands are farm animals generally missing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do eccrine glands secrete and why? |
|
Definition
water, salts, lactic acid
-to cool the body |
|
|
Term
| What do apocrine glands secrete? |
|
Definition
| water, fatty acids & proteins |
|
|
Term
| What type of cattle has more sweat glands, bos taurus or bos indicus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What glands secrete oil? What is the proper term for this secretion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of sebum? |
|
Definition
-keep hair from becoming brittle
-prevent excess evaporation of moisture from skin
-keep skin soft
-bacteriostatic & antifungal properties |
|
|
Term
| How do some species mark territies & attract mates? |
|
Definition
| combine apocrine & sebaceous secretions to create characteristic odour |
|
|
Term
| Describe the hair follicle |
|
Definition
| -invagination of the epidermis which serves to anchor the hair |
|
|
Term
| What is the name for the hairs that form a smooth outer coat? |
|
Definition
| guard hairs / primary hairs |
|
|
Term
| What hairs form the soft undercoat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What hairs act as organs of touch? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are hair and feathers primarily made of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What influences horn growth? |
|
Definition
nutrition
sex
species
genetics |
|
|
Term
| How is an animal dehorned? |
|
Definition
| -destroy the corium by surgical removal, hot iron or causic paste |
|
|
Term
| Where are the horn buds found? |
|
Definition
|
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