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Integument 2
functions components
48
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
02/02/2014

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Cards

Term
What are the components of the integument?
Definition
skin/hide sweat & oil glands hair/wool/feathers nails horns
Term
True or False

Horns are modifications of the surface epithelium
Definition
True
Term
What are some functions of the integument?
Definition
protection (microbes, parasites, sun, abrasion)
prevent dehydration
regulate body temperature
excretion of wastes
gather food (claws...birds)
sensory information
Term
What is the advantage of loose attachment of skin to underlying body structures?
Definition
can move without tearing
Term
What are the 3 layers of skin?
Definition
epidermis
dermis
hypodermis
Term
What is the term for the layer of flat cells that make up the epithelium?
Definition
stratified squamous epithelium
Term
True or False

The epidermis is avascular with an extensive network of nerve endings
Definition
False

There are no nerve endings in the epidermis
Term
What is the term for the basal layer of the epidermis?
Definition
basement membrane
Term
What makes up the basement membrane?
Definition
keratinocytes
Term
Describe the cell conversion process of the epidermis
Definition
-cells migrate to surface, flatten, die, lose organelles
-superficial cells keratinize & harden
Term
This is a fibrous protein with poor essential amino acid balance
Definition
keratin
Term
What is the function of keratin in the epidermis?
Definition
makes the skin tough & resistant to drying
Term
These cells anchor & connect keratinocytes in the epidermis
Definition
desmosomes
Term
These cells produce pigment (melanin) to protect against UV radiation in the epidermis
Definition
melanocytes
Term
These cells act as sensory receptors to touch & are found at the junction between the dermis & epidermis
Definition
Merkel cells
Term
These cells phagocytise foreign debris/microorganisms in the epidermis
Definition
lengerhan's cells
Term
What separates the dermis from the epidermis?
Definition
basement membrane
Term
Describe the relationship between epidermis & dermis
Definition
folds of epidermis & papillae of dermis interdigitate
Term
What is another term for dermis?
Definition
corium
Term
What do adipocytes do?
Definition
synthesis adipose tissue
Term
What glands secrete fluids within the dermis
Definition
sweat & sebaceous glands
Term
True or False

The dermis contains blood vessels & nerve endings
Definition
true
Term
True or False

Hair follicles are found in the epidermis
Definition
False

in the dermis
Term
What gives the dermis its strength and flexibility?
Definition
-fibroelastic connective tissue
(collagen elastin & reticular fibers)
Term
The epidermis is considered ________ in nature while the dermis is considered ________ in nature
Definition
epidermis - cellular
dermis - fibrous
Term
The subcutaneous fat layer is the ______
Definition
hypodermis
Term
What are the two tissues that make up the hypodermis?
Definition
areolar & adipose tissue
Term
What is the function of areolar tissue in the hypodermis?
Definition
allows skin to move over underlying muscle & bone without tearing
Term
What is the function of adipose tissue in the hypodermis?
Definition
shock absorption & thermal insulation
Term
What touch receptors are found in the hypodermis?
Definition
pacinian corpuscles
Term
Why are there are large number of blood vessels in the hypodermis?
Definition
-create fat depositions & transport fat to other parts of the body if needed as an energy source
Term
What are the two types of sweat glands?
Definition
eccrine & apocrine
Term
Which sweat glands are farm animals generally missing?
Definition
accrine
Term
What do eccrine glands secrete and why?
Definition
water, salts, lactic acid
-to cool the body
Term
What do apocrine glands secrete?
Definition
water, fatty acids & proteins
Term
What type of cattle has more sweat glands, bos taurus or bos indicus?
Definition
bos indicus
Term
What glands secrete oil? What is the proper term for this secretion?
Definition
sebaceous glands
-sebum
Term
What is the function of sebum?
Definition
-keep hair from becoming brittle
-prevent excess evaporation of moisture from skin
-keep skin soft
-bacteriostatic & antifungal properties
Term
How do some species mark territies & attract mates?
Definition
combine apocrine & sebaceous secretions to create characteristic odour
Term
Describe the hair follicle
Definition
-invagination of the epidermis which serves to anchor the hair
Term
What is the name for the hairs that form a smooth outer coat?
Definition
guard hairs / primary hairs
Term
What hairs form the soft undercoat?
Definition
wool hairs
Term
What hairs act as organs of touch?
Definition
innervated tactile hairs
Term
What are hair and feathers primarily made of?
Definition
protein
Term
What does ungulate mean?
Definition
hoofed animal
Term
What influences horn growth?
Definition
nutrition
sex
species
genetics
Term
How is an animal dehorned?
Definition
-destroy the corium by surgical removal, hot iron or causic paste
Term
Where are the horn buds found?
Definition
in the corium
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