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Industrial Revolution
n/a
38
History
9th Grade
04/05/2010

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Term
Charles Dickens
Definition
David Copperfield
Christmas Carol
Oliver Twist
Great Expectations
Term
Domestic System
Definition
Merchants hired workers to produce woolens out of their homes
allowed workers to set their own hours
Term
domestic System
Definition
Development of new machinery and sources of power would soon upset the domestic system
Term
Enclosure Movement
Definition
Allowed landowners to fence off any private land
forced many small farmers to move into the city for work
Term
Factors of Production
Definition
Land-natural resource
Labor-human resource
Capital- money or machinery
Entrepreneur- risk taker
Term
GB had huge supplies of iron and coal
Definition
the principal raw material of the Industrial Revolution
Term
Crop Rotation
Definition
Avoids a decrease in soil fertility
Ex. alternating between Soybeans and Corn
Term
Jethro Tull
Definition
Invented the seed drill: allowed farmers to plant seeds in straight neat rows
Term
Textile Industries
Definition
Cotton began to replace wool
the domestic system could not meet the need for cotton
Term
Flying shuttle
Definition
Wider fabrics could be woven at a faster pace
Term
Textile Innovation
Definition
Spinning Jenny- revolutionized spinning in the home
Water Frame- spinning machine that was powered by water
Term
Factory System
Definition
Brought workers and machines under one roof
Term
James Watt
Definition
invented the steam engine
Term
Robert Fulton
Definition
First Steamboat "Clermont" sailed up and down the New York Hudson River
Term
Henry Bessemer
Definition
Developed an inexspensive way of making steel from iron
Term
Samuel Slater
Definition
British textile engineer who smuggled blue prints to America
Built the first water powered cotton mill in the U.S.
Pawtucket, RI (1789)
Father of the Industrial Revolution
Term
Spread of Industry
Definition
British industrialists saw that they could make money by spreading the Industrial Revolution to other countries
Great Britain known as the workshop of the world
Term
Capitalism
Definition
Economic system characterized by a free market for goods and services.
Private control of the factors of productions.
Adam Smith father of capitalism
Term
Eli Whitney
Definition
father of American technology.
Developed the concept of interchangeable parts
Part which is pre manufactured and stored somewhere.
Gun that tamed the west “ Colt peace maker”
Term
Fredrick Taylor
Definition
Father of scientific management.
Tells us the best way to do what we’re doing.
“Pay the worker, not the job”
Won USTA tennis championship.
Term
Henry Ford
Definition
Perfected the assembly line technique of mass production
Manufactured the Model T automobile for the Multitude.
Sold model T for 260$
Started the $5/8 hour day
Term
Partnership
Definition
Business organization with two or more owners
Owners are liable for all debts (aka unlimited liability)
Term
Corporation
Definition
Business organization owned by stockholder
Each stockholder enjoys limited liability
Raises capital by selling stock to the public
Term
Business Cycle
Definition
•Prosperity
•Recession
•Depression
•Recovery
Term
Samuel Morse
Definition
Invented telegraph and Morse code
“What hath God wrought!” (1844)
Accomplished artist
…---… (SOS)
Term
Marconi
Definition
Invented wireless telegraph…the forerunner of radio.
Term
Alexander Graham Bell
Definition
Invented the telephone.
Devoted to educated of the deaf.
Term
Rudolf Diesel
Definition
Developed an oil-burning internal-combustion engine.
Term
Thomas Edison
Definition
Patented more than 1000 devices including: the phonograph and incandescent light bulb.
Aka the wizard of Menlo Park
Menlo Park, NJ was site of Edison’s research lab.
Term
Ferdinand Von Zeppelin
Definition
Refined the dirigible.
Blimp
Hindenburg disaster 1937
Hydrogen is flammable.
Term
Wilbur and Orville Wright
Definition
First flight of a motorized airplane (1903)
First flight of the Wright Brothers.
Kitty hawk, NC
Flew 120 feet
Kitty Hawk Flyer.
Term
The Rise of the Middle Class
Definition
Gender based stereotypes were created and reinforced during the ind. Rev.
Term
Working Class
Definition
Majority moved from farms to factories
Term
Cons of factory work
Definition
Monotonous
Noisy
Long hours
Unventilated rooms
Term
labor Unions
Definition
An organization of workers formed to promote collective bargaining with employers over wages, hours, fringe benefits, job security, and working conditions.
Collective bargaining: negotiations by a labor union w/ management.
Term
Union tactics
Definition
Strike (work stoppage)
Sit down strike
Term
Preventing Unionization
Definition
Lock-out
Blacklists
Hiring of “scabs” (strikebreakers)
International workers of the world.
Term
Luddites
Definition
An early protestant group in England that was against industrialization.
Named after Ned Ludd
In the Early 1800’s, these English laborers smashed textile machines that were putting them out of work.
Some of the Luddites were hanged, and others were transported to Australia.
Today someone who is “anti-technology” would be called a Luddite.
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