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| Indian Ocean Maritime trade (IOMS) |
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| a network of seaports, trade routes, and maritime culture on the Indian Ocean from Africa to Indonesia |
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| a mono/polytheistic religion (many “gods” but all are believed to be under one force) that began in the Vedic Age and surrounded itself on the idea of reincarnation; dharma & karma are important aspects and the idea of nature as a divine force |
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| an individualized philosophic religion that was centered on the ultimate goal: nirvana |
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| an extreme religion that believed in nonviolence to nature |
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| an Iranian monotheistic religion; principal beliefs is the struggle between good and evil; worship fire & water |
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| collection of one hundred + dialogues between a teacher and a student |
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| most important work of Indian sacred literate; dialogue b/w Arjuna & Krishna; teaches the importance of reincarnation |
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| the essential quality/character that one has; one’s duty/deeds allowing them to become reincarnated |
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| widespread Hinduistic belief that every creature’s “atman” (immortal essence) was later reborn in another body depending on your dharma & karma |
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| seasonal, strong & predictable winds; allow for cultivation of several crops a year |
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| Ancient Indian rivers that were the Indians’ main water source; Ganges was significant to Hindus |
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| entire body of Hindu sacred writings that began in the Vedic Age |
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Aryas- lighter-skinned invaders of early India
Dasas- darker-skinned natives of India |
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| social divisions into which Hindu society is divided; each caste has its own privileges & limitations; transferred by inheritance |
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| Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, Shudra, Untouchables |
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Brahmin-top caste; priests
Kshatriva-the warrior/admin caste
Vaishya-merchant caste
Shudra-laborer class
Untouchables- |
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| lowest class; looked down upon & basically excluded from caste system |
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| Jainism belief in noninjury to living beings |
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| a written language used by the Aryans |
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| Hindu concept of spirit’s liberation from endless cycle of rebirths; final salvation |
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| Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) |
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| the prince who later grew up to become Buddha; did not leave final instructions when he died |
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| people who live an extremely simple life; denies themselves from normality’s of life or doesn’t buy material goods |
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| conduct of life to avoid extremes of luxury; asceticism |
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| Buddha beliefs: all life is suffering, the cause of suffering is ignorant desire, this desire can be destroyed, it can be destroyed by the Eightfold path |
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| eight pursuits of one seeking enlightenment, compromising, right understanding, motives, speech, action, means of livelihood, effort, intellectual activity, contemplation |
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| Buddhism freedom from the endless cycle of personal reincarnations |
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| Buddhism “enlighted” existence |
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| Buddhism mixed with other religious beliefs |
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| oldest & most orthodox Buddhist tradition |
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