Shared Flashcard Set

Details

India/Persia
N/A
44
History
9th Grade
01/22/2009

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
sanskirt
Definition
ancient indian language of aryans in which early Hindu texts were written
Term
Mauryan Empire
Definition
first empire in India, founded by Chandragupta
Term
Gupta Empire
Definition
second empire in India, founded by Chandra Gupta I
Term
Tamil
Definition
language of southern India, also the people who spoke that language
Term
Aryans
Definition
Indo-Europeans who began to migrate into the Indian subcontinent
Term
Mahabharata
Definition
great indian epic poem reflecting the struggles of the Aryans as they moved south into India
Term
Vedas
Definition
four collections of sacred writtings produced by the Aryans during an early stage of their settlement in India
Term
Hinduism
Definition
hindu god cosidered the ruler of the world
Term
vishnu
Definition
hindu god considered the preserver of the world
Term
shiva
Definition
hindu god considered destroyer of the world
Term
caste system
Definition
social system of aryans - four classes

priests, warriors, peasents or traders, non-aryan laborers or craftsmen
Term
brahmins
Definition
aryan priest
Term
untouchables
Definition
considered most impure.
butchers, gravediggers, trash collectors, touching them endangered purity
Term
karma
Definition
hinduism+buddhism, all good and bad deeds done by a person determine fate after rebirth
Term
dharma
Definition
buddhist doctrine or teachings
Term
reincarnation
Definition
hinduism+buddhism - process where soul is reborn till it achieves purpose

you keep reincarnating till moksha is reached
Term
moksha
Definition
a state of perfect understanding of all things, a state of enlightenment

you can only achieve moksha in top three classes
Term
upanishads
Definition
discussions between a student and teacher on Vedic Hymns that are written
Term
Asoka
Definition
chandragupta's grandson, brought Mauryan empire to greatest heights
Term
4 Noble Truths
Definition
1. life is filled w/ suffering and sorrow
2. cause of suffering is the desire for pleasures in this world
3. you can end suffering by ending desire
4. you overcome desire and attain enlightenment through the "eightfold path"
Term
eightfold path
Definition
the path preached by the Buddha as the way to escape from anguish and suffering

includes: right view, right thought, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right concentration
Term
Siddhartha Gautama
Definition
buddhism founder, born to noble family
Term
nirvana
Definition
(buddhism) release from pain and suffering after enlightenment achieved
Term
kalidasa
Definition
one of India's greatest writers
Term
theravada
Definition
sect of buddhism - original - focussing on spiritual discipline
Term
stupas
Definition
stone structures built over Buddhist holy relics
Term
Cyrus
Definition
great persion king, military genius, his army respected conquered land and didn't loot, allowed Jews to go back to Jerusalem and rebuild
Term
satrap
Definition
a governor of a province in the persian empire
Term
royal road
Definition
1,600 mile road in persian empire
Term
zoroastrianism
Definition
religion - belief in one god "Ahura Mazda"
Term
Darius
Definition
persian king - a noble of the ruling dynasty - started as bodyguard of king Cabyses (who was Cyrus' son)
Term
Imperial Bureaucracy
Definition
an empire ruled by one main leader with less powerful rulers controlling different small parts such as provinces
Term
mahayana
Definition
sect of buddhism - those who who accepted new doctrines
Term
aryabhata
Definition
calculated value of Pi to four decimal places and also calculated solar years
Term
rig veda
Definition
contains 1028 hymns to aryan gods
Term
patriarchal
Definition
headed by oldest male
Term
matriarchal
Definition
headed by mother
Term
mahavira
Definition
founder of Jainism
Term
Jainism
Definition
religion that believed everything in the universe has a soul and should not be harmed, don't kill ants and wear masks to not inhalte insects (some of the wealthiest indians were Jainists)
Term
brahman
Definition
the would soul that contains and unites all atmans(individual soul of a living being)
Term
atman
Definition
individual soul of a living being
Term
jatakas
Definition
buddhist previous reincarnation
Term
manichaeism
Definition
religious system - competed w/ early christianity
Term
krishna
Definition
the devine cowherder
Supporting users have an ad free experience!