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| Akkadian ruler - first person to unite Mesopotamia into one kingdom |
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| Babylonian King - created first written law code (Code of Hammurabi) |
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| Assyrian emperor - created great library in Nineveh |
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| Chaldean emperor - created Hanging Gardens of Babylon |
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| Persian emperor - founder of the Persian Empire |
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| Persian emperor - divided empire into provices (imperial bureaucracy); invaded Greece to start the Persian Wars |
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| Persian emperor - son of Darius; lost the Persian Wars to the Greeks |
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| Father of Judaism (important figure to Christianity and Islam, as well) |
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Led the Jews (Hebrews) in the flight from slavery in Egypt - given Ten Commandments by God
(prophet for Christianity and Islam, as well) |
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| Prophet of Zoroastrianism |
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Mauryan emperor (India)
- Spread Buddhism (missionaries)
- Free hospitals
- Veterinary clinics
- Good road system
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| Founder of Buddhism - became known as "Buddha" ("Enlightened One") |
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| First Emperor of Imperial China - began construction on Great Wall of China - known for Terracotta Warriors |
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| Greek god of thunder and lightening - Father of the Greek gods |
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| Greek goddess of marriage |
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| Greek and Roman god of the sun and light (healing, music, poetry, archery...) |
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| Greek goddess of the hunt and wild |
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| Greek goddess of wisdom, war, and crafts - patron goddess of Athens |
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| Greek goddess of love and beauty |
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Leader of Athens during its "Golden Age"
- Rebuilt Athens after its destruction during the Persian Wars (Parthenon)
- Extended democracy to more people
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| Athenian tyrant who created Athens' first written law code |
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| Athenian tyrant who got rid of "debt slavery" |
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| Greek playwright - "Father of Greek Tragedy" |
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| Greek playwright (Oediups Rex and Antigone) |
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Greek poet - wrote Iliad and Odyssey about the Trojan War
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| Greek historian who wrote about the Persian Wars - "Father of History" |
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| Greek historian who wrote History of the Peloponnesian War (first scientific history) |
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| Greek sculptor - known for Athena monuments at Parthenon |
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| Greek scientist - know for work with levers/pulleys, area/volume, Archimedes' Principle |
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| Greek physician (doctor) - "Father of Medicine" |
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| Greek mathematician - "Father of Geometry" |
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| Greek mathematician - known for Pythagorean Theorem (finding length of right triangle sides) |
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| Greek philosopher - questioned everything, said "know thyself", accused of corrupting the youth/questioning Athenian democracy/not respecting gods |
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| Greek philosopher - student of Socrates, wrote The Republic (describes ideal state), and started the Academy (school that lasted 900 years) |
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| Greek philosopher - student of Plato, tutor for Alexander the Great, emphasized reason and finding the middle course, studied and wrote about everything |
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| King of Macedon who conquered Greece following the Peloponnesian War |
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| King of Macedon (after Phillip's death) - extended empire from Greece to Egypt to India - spread Greek and Hellenistic culture |
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| Roman god of thunder and lightening - Father of Roman gods |
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| Roman goddess of marriage |
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| Roman goddess of the hunt and wild |
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| Roman goddess of wisdom, war, and crafts |
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| Roman goddess of love and beauty |
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| Carthaginian general who invaded the Italian Peninsual by crossing the Alps during the 2nd Punic War |
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- Roman general and member of the First Triumvirate
- Became "Dictator for Life" after defeating Pompey
- Assassinated by Senate (afraid of his power)
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| Roman general and member of the 1st Triumvirate - defeated by Julius Caesar |
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| Octavian (Augustus Caesar) |
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- Adopted son of Julius Caesar
- Member of 2nd Triumvirate
- Defeated Marc Anthony/Cleopatra - became 1st Emperor of Roman Empire
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| Roman general and member of the 2nd Triumvirate - allied with Cleopatra - defeated by Octavian |
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| Believed to be the Messiah - founder of Christianity |
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| One of Jesus' Apostles - helped spread Christianity throughout Roman Empire - first to preach to non-Jews |
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Roman Emperor
- First Christian emperor - legalized Christianity in Empire
- Moved capital of Empire to Byzantium - Constantinople
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| Roman astronomer and geographer - believed Earth was at center of universe |
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| Roman poet - wrote Aeneid about the founding of Rome |
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| Roman emperor who split the Roman Empire into East and West |
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| Roman emperor who made Christianity the offical religion of the Roman Empire |
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| Greatest Byzantine emperor - codified laws, reconquered Roman lands, expanded trade |
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| Prophet of Allah - founder of Islam |
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| King of the Franks - first to unite Frankish tribes into one kingdom; first to convert to Christianity |
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| King of Franks - crowned "Holy Roman Emperor" by the Pope |
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| Leader of Norman Conqest - conquered England in 1066 at the Battle of Hastings |
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| English king - known for "common law" |
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| English king - known for signing the Magna Carta |
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| English king - known for founding English Parliament |
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| Founder of French monarchy - made office hereditary, made Paris capital |
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| French peasant girl who unified France during the Hundred Years' War and inspired them to drive out the English |
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| Spanish monarchs who united the country and expelled Muslims and Jews (Reconquista and Inquisition) |
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| Russian ruler who got rid of the Mongols, expaned Russian kingdom, and centralized power |
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| Called for the First Crusade in 1095 |
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Renaissance writer - wrote The Prince (guidebook for getting and keeping power - absolute rule, ends justify means, better to be feared than loved...)
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| Renaissance artist (painter, sculptor, engineer, inventor...) - known for the Mona Lisa, the Last Supper, and his notebooks |
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| Renaissance artist (painter and sculptor) - known for the David, La Pieta, Moses, and painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel (Creation of Adam, Creation of Eve, Separation of Light and Darkness) |
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| Renaissance painter - known for School of Athens and Sistine Madonna |
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| Renaissance writer - known for sonnets (for Laura) |
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| Renaissance writer (Dutch humanist) - known for Praise of Folly |
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| Renaissance writer (English) - known for Utopia (about a perfect society) |
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| Invented the movable type printing press - allowed ideas and knowledge to be spread farther and faster |
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| Mali ruler who introduced Islam to West Africa - made Timbuktu a center of culture, learning, and trade |
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