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-1880-81 - Boers rebel against the British, sparking the first Anglo-Boer War. Conflict ends with a negotiated peace. Transvaal is restored as a republic.
-1899 - British troops gather on the Transvaal border and ignore an ultimatum to disperse. The second Anglo-Boer War begins.
-1912 - Native National Congress founded, later renamed the African National Congress (ANC).
-1914 - National Party founded.
-1948 - Policy of apartheid (separateness) adopted when National Party (NP) takes power.
-1950 - Population classified by race. Group Areas Act passed to segregate blacks and whites. Communist Party banned. ANC responds with campaign of civil disobedience, led by Nelson Mandela.
-1961 - South Africa declared a republic, leaves the Commonwealth. Mandela heads ANC's new military wing, which launches sabotage campaign. |
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Term
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Definition
(2)Who was involved, what tactics did they use
-national party
-African nationalist congress (and nelson Mandela)
(3)Long-term impact of imperialism
-Dutch and British took all of their gold and diamonds
-racial (separation of whites and blacks) |
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Term
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Definition
(a)Evidence of European presence as seen in
(i)Language spoken
-Afrikaans: ditched based
-English: most commonly spoken and language of business
(ii) Social and government practices and institutions stemming from former ruler
-made up of
*Congress: the national assembly and The National Council of Provinces
*And The President and the Cabinet |
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Term
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Definition
(iii) economy and currency as reflective of former ruler:
-Imperialism in South Africa shattered the economy of the country and leads to racial discriminations due to the rule of African National Congress (ANC) and was lead by Nelson Mandela
- British iron ploughs were imported, which assisted with agricultural development. Because of the war in Europe, there was a growing demand for agricultural products from the Cape, which furthered economical growth. British taxation was also lenient.
- An English historian, J. A. Hobson, wrote a critique of the war in 1902 that suggested British industrialists had taken control of the government and used taxpayer money to further their own interests. In 1916, V. I. Lenin expanded on Hobson's criticism to denounce imperialism as "the highest stage of capitalism."
b)modern problems that can be attributed to the impact of imperialism:
i)The South African War (1899-1902), fought by the British to establish their hegemony in South Africa and by the Afrikaners to defend their autonomy, lasted three years and caused enormous suffering. |
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