Bureaucracy

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A highly organized body of workers with many levels of authority.

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warlord

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A military leader operating outside the control of the government.

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Civil Service examination

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a test given to qualify candidates for positions in the government

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canal lock

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a gated chamber in a canal used to raise or lower the water level

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Segmental arch bridge

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a bridge supported by arches that are shallow segments (parts) of a circle

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movable type

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Individual characters made of wood or metal that can be arranged to create printed materials

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porcelain

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a hard, white pottery; also called china

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mass produce

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To make many similar items in large quantities by using standardized designs and many workers.

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gunpowder

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an explosive powder made of saltpeter and other materials

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alchemy

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A combination of science, magic and philosophy that was practiced in medieval times

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catapult

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A slingshot type war machine used for shooting rocks, shells and other objects.

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inoculate

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To protect against disease by injecting a small amount of the live disease into a person, in order to build immunity.

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immune system

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The body's natural defense against disease

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vaccine

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A substance used to immunize people against a disease.

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maritime

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relating to the sea

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observatory

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A building designed for observing the stars and planets.

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tributary

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a ruler or country that pays a tribute (money for protection) to a conqueror

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