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Immunopharmacology
Immunosuppressants and immunostimulants
11
Veterinary Medicine
Undergraduate 3
05/19/2012

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Cards

Term
Corticosteroids immunosuppressant action
Definition
-inhibit transcription of phospholipase A2 (so decr. arachidonic acid metabolites), leukocyte adhesion molc., cytokines IL-1, IL-2, IL-4
-also lympholytic action, induces T-cell apoptosis, cytotoxic (T>B cells, CD4+ > CD8+), inhibit NK activity
Term
Corticosteroids
Definition
-first line of tx for auto-immune dz
-act as anti-inflam, immunosuppressants, and anti-cancer (dose dependent)
e.g. prednisolone, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone
Term
Prednisolone
Definition
A corticosteroid used in immunosupp. in autoimmune dz.
-good GCC selevtivity (i.e. minimal mineralocorticoid effects), half life 12-36hrs
Term
Hydrocortisone
Definition
A corticosteroid used in immunosupp. in autoimmune dz.
-not very good GCC selectivity (i.e. has mineralocorticoid effects), half life 8-12hrs
Term
Dexamethasone
Definition
A corticosteroid used in immunosupp. in autoimmune dz.
-GCC selectivity (i.e. NO mineralocorticoid effects), potent, half life 36-72hrs - too long - therefore limited use
Term
Cytotoxic agents
Definition
Immunosuppressants used in severe AI dz / if not responsive to GCC tx
e.g. azathioprine, cyclophosphamide
Term
Azathioprine
Definition
A cytotoxic immunosuppressant used in severe AI dz / if not responsive to GCC tx
-purine analogue so inhibits purine syn. and so DNA synt.
-used in e.g. pemphigus
Term
Cyclophosphamide
Definition
Cytotoxic agent used as an immunosuppressant in severe AI dz / if not responsive to GCC tx
-also used in cancer therapy
-an alkylating agent - disrupts nucleic acid synthesis i.e. blocks DNA synthesis
Term
Cyclosporine A
Definition
An immunosuppressant - inhibits capacity of CD4+ Th-cells to synthesis and release IL-2
-so inhibits transformation of CD8+--> Tc-cells, and inhibits clonal prolif of CD4+
-used to suppress graft rejection, keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs
Term
Danazol
Definition
an immunosuppressant - decr. no of immunoglobulin Fc-R on macrophages
-synergises w. corticosteroids (almost never used alone)
Term
Levamisole
Definition
an anthelmintic used as an immunostimulant - stimulates the immune system
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