Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Major Histocompatibility Complex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What individuals have identical MHC molecules? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cells do not contain MHCs? |
|
Definition
| Non-nucleated (RBCs), Gametes, Neurons, Placental Trophoblast Cells |
|
|
Term
| Why would an individual not respond to a pathogen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What determines the MHC molecules an animal can make? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The requirement for Ag to be bound to a self-MHC molecule to elicit an immune response when it interacts with/binds to the TCR on a T lymphocyte |
|
|
Term
| What cells have MHC I molecules? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cells have MHC II molecules? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do MHC I molecules present antigenic fragments to? |
|
Definition
| Cytotoxic T/Killer T (CD8) Cells |
|
|
Term
| What do MHC II molecules present antigenic fragments to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Body defenses that protect against disease |
|
|
Term
| Physical barriers in the respiratory tract |
|
Definition
| coughing, sneezing, muco-ciliary flow |
|
|
Term
| Physical barriers in the GI tract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Innate immunity - chemicals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most important innate immune response? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ immunity lacks memory, whereas _____ immunity has memory |
|
Definition
| innate immunity, acquired immunity |
|
|
Term
| Which immune system responds immediately? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Examples of foreign invaders |
|
Definition
| pathogenic microbe, allergen, tissue graft (from non-identical twin) |
|
|
Term
| Which immune system generates lymphocytes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which immune system is antigen-driven? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which lymphocytes are part of humoral immunity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which lymphocytes are part of CMI? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do B lymphocytes make? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of immunity targets extracellular invaders? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of immunity targets intracellular pathogens? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of hypersensitivities? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an example of autoimmunity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of neoplasia of the immune system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the first line of defense after microbial invasion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the main cells that migrate to the site of inflammation? |
|
Definition
| Neutrophils & Macrophages |
|
|
Term
| Which phagocytic cells are in the blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which phagocytic cells are in the tissues? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cytokines that interfere with viral replication |
|
|
Term
| What are complement proteins? |
|
Definition
| A group of serum & cell-surface proteins that can be activated by both innate & acquired immune mechanisms & result in a variety of biological events |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Complement proteins & other proteins such as some types of antibodies, which can coat microbes & help with phagocytosis by other cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proteins that mediate cellular interactions & regulate cell growth & secretion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What enzyme is involved in RB? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does lysozyme attack? |
|
Definition
| Carbohydrates in the cell wall of Gr+ bacteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Digest basement membranes btw endothelial cells |
|
|
Term
| What is another name for neutrophils? |
|
Definition
| Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes (neutrophils) |
|
|
Term
| What are the 1st & major phagocytes to respond to infections? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the circulating pool of neutrophils? |
|
Definition
| The cells you see when you do a blood sample - moving as fast as other blood cells |
|
|
Term
| What is the marginating pool of neutrophils? |
|
Definition
| Where cells adhere to endothelium |
|
|
Term
| Cats have 3 times as many _____ neutrophils as _____ neutrophils |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Above normal concentration of neutrophils in the blood |
|
|
Term
| What can cause MP to move into CP, leading to neutrophilia? |
|
Definition
| Stress, glucocorticoids, epinephrine, inflammation, leukocyte adhesion deficiency |
|
|
Term
| What is the proliferation, maturation, and storage pool for neutrophils? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long do neutrophils live? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the "martyrs of the immune system?" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do dying neutrophils attract? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When do neutrophils become active? |
|
Definition
| Immediately upon release from bone marrow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cell surface protein molecules that promote adherence of the cell to various things |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 steps of phagocytosis? |
|
Definition
| Chemotaxis, Adherence to Microbe, Ingestion of Microbe, Destruction of Microbe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a family of chemotactic cytokines that serve as attractants for specific cell populations, thus, help mediate an inflammatory response |
|
|
Term
| What type of receptors do neutrophils have? |
|
Definition
| FcR, R for complement proteins |
|
|
Term
| What is the vacuole into which antigens are ingested in phagocytic cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some bacterial pathogens that can survive inside macrophages? |
|
Definition
| Mycobacterium bovis, Rhodococcus equi, Brucella abortus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term for increased WBC count? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are eosinophils primarily involved in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cells have granules with vasoactive amines (histamine & serotonin)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are basophils involved with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some local types of macrophages? |
|
Definition
| Kupffer cells in liver, Histiocytes, Microglia, Osteoclasts |
|
|
Term
| What down-regulates macrophages? |
|
Definition
| Steroids & Prostaglandins |
|
|
Term
| What is secreted by macrophages? |
|
Definition
| Lysozymes, proteases, complement proteins, cytokines (monokines & interleukins) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Proteins that act as growth & differentiation factors for cells of the immune system |
|
|
Term
| What are some major cytokines of macrophages? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which IL has potential use as an adjuvant in vaccines? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cytokine is produced by both macrophages & mast cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pulmonary Intravascular Macrophages |
|
|
Term
| What size is considered a large antigen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the fate of large antigens? |
|
Definition
| Removed by phagocytic cells |
|
|
Term
| What is an extremely important function of macrophages? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pattern Recognition Receptor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pathogen Associated Membrane Patterns |
|
|
Term
| What molecules are essential for survival of microbes, and therefore do not mutate or change expression? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most important group of PRR? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many TLRs have been identified? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cell types express TLRs? |
|
Definition
| Macrophages, Mast cells, Dendritic cells, Eosinophils, Neutrophils |
|
|
Term
| Which immune system do NK cells belong to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do NK cells kill their target cells? |
|
Definition
| Releasing perforin from granules |
|
|
Term
| What receptors do NK cells have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most important function of NK cells? |
|
Definition
| Viral immunity & defense against tumors |
|
|
Term
| What do NK cells receive inhibitory signals from? |
|
Definition
| Cells that express MHC-I molecules |
|
|
Term
| What type of cells do NK cells recognize & kill? |
|
Definition
| Cells that do not express MHC-I (tumor cells, virally infected cells) |
|
|
Term
| What type of proteins do NK cells recognize? |
|
Definition
| Those not present on normal, healthy cells - i.e. proteins expressed on cells undergoing stress |
|
|
Term
| How do NK cells recognize antibody? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are NK cells regulated by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is expressed by many virally-infected cells and recognized by NK cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Molecular structures that the immune system (acquired) can recognize & respond to; Molecules capable, under appropriate conditions, of inducing a specific immune response, & capable of interacting w/ the products of that immune response |
|
|
Term
| What type of molecules can Ag interact with? |
|
Definition
| Antibody, TCR on T-lymphocytes, BCR on B-lymphocytes, MHC molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability of an Ag to bind w immune components (antibody & TCR) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ability of Ag to induce an immune response |
|
|
Term
| What is a good molecular size for immunogenicity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a bacteria w/ a capsular coating that is poorly immunogenic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency |
|
|
Term
| What must neutrophils be able to do in order to perform their functions? |
|
Definition
| Get out of the vasculature (via integrins) |
|
|
Term
| Can eosinophils be phagocytic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cells maintain sustained phagocytosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of receptors do macrophages have? |
|
Definition
| FcR, CPR, Integrins, Cytokines, PRR |
|
|
Term
| What are some of the cytokines secreted by macs? |
|
Definition
| Monokines (pro-inflammatory), ILs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Macrophages & Neutrophils |
|
|
Term
| Aside from TLR, what are 2 other PAMPs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of good immunogens? |
|
Definition
| Proteins, glycoproteins, prokaryotic nucleic acids (CpG motifs), Bacterial LPS, Capsid proteins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fixing with heat or formaldehyde |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The small portion of the immunogenic molecule which binds with Ab/TCR/BCR |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| amino acids in linear sequence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| amino acids separated, but brought together by folding |
|
|
Term
| Which type of epitope will not be recognized if changed by denaturing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small molecules that are antigenic but are not immunogenic in vivo unless bound to a carrier protein |
|
|
Term
| Give some examples of haptens. |
|
Definition
| Some drugs, hormones, toxins |
|
|
Term
| Give 2 specific examples of haptens. |
|
Definition
| Penicillin bound to albumin; Urushiol + Skin proteins |
|
|
Term
| What are most microbial Ags? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What determines whether a pathogen is classified as extracellular or intracellular? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What pathogens are intracellular? |
|
Definition
| Viruses, some bacteria, certain stages of protozoa |
|
|
Term
| What pathogens are extracellular? |
|
Definition
| Most bacteria, most parasites |
|
|
Term
| Give some examples of intracellular bacteria. |
|
Definition
| Mycobacterium sp., Rhodococcus equi, Listeria monocytogenes, Brucella abortus |
|
|
Term
| What determines whether something is classified as exogenous or endogenous? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the location of Ag production dictate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an example of an exogenous Ag? |
|
Definition
| Replicating extracellular microbe itself |
|
|
Term
| Give an example of endogenous Ag. |
|
Definition
| Proteins made by virus inside the host cell |
|
|
Term
| What is the term for bacteria that can replicate inside macrophages? |
|
Definition
| Facultative Intracellular |
|
|
Term
| Give some examples of bacteria that produce endogenous Ag. |
|
Definition
| Mycobacterium sp., Rhodococcus equi, Listeria monocytogenes, Brucella abortus |
|
|
Term
| Give an example of a virus that exists outside the host cell for some time before becoming intracellular. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is humoral immunity effective against HIV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is humoral immunity effective against Rabies? |
|
Definition
| Yes, while it is extracellular |
|
|
Term
| What are cell surface Ags? |
|
Definition
| Molecules expressed on the surface of normal cells that in another animal could stimulate an immune response |
|
|
Term
| What are 2 examples of cell surface Ags? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Surface molecules on immune cells |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of CD25? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are CD molecules identified? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| APCs present _____ Ag to T-helper cells via MHC _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ Ag is presented to cytotoxic T-lymphocytes via MHC _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does BCR interact with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can TCR interact with? |
|
Definition
| Ag presented by APC, or an infected, nucleated cell w/i context of self-MHC |
|
|
Term
| How do B-lymphocytes make Ab? |
|
Definition
| W/ help from Helper T lymphocytes |
|
|
Term
| What is the professional APC? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cells are best for processing & presenting Ag? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cells are good for Ag capture? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DCs are found in all organs except _____, parts of _____, & _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DCs are prominent in ____, ____, & ____. |
|
Definition
| Lymph nodes, skin, mucosal surfaces |
|
|
Term
| What APCs can present & activate naive T-cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DCs are essential for initiating the ____ immune response. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are DCs produced from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the semi-professional APCs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A B-cell that can make Ab |
|
|
Term
| A B-cell usually needs help from a ______ to become a plasma cell. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 membrane-bound Ab mol's (the BCR) bind the Ag... this is called _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some "non-professional" APCs? |
|
Definition
| Endothelial cells, astrocytes, fibroblasts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Specialized glycoproteins |
|
|
Term
| What region of the MHC mol binds the Ag? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many peptides can a given MHC mol present at a time? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The fact that an MHC mol can bind a # of antigenic peptides |
|
|
Term
| What are the critical amino acids of the Ag that must fit into the binding pocket of the MHC? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What determines what Ags an MHC mol can bind & present? |
|
Definition
| Structure of binding groove |
|
|
Term
| TCR has _____ specificity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is responsible for graft rejection in non-identical twins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of diseases that involve the MHC profile? |
|
Definition
| Bovine Lymphoma, Bovine Leukemia Virus, Mareks Dz, Autoimmune Dz (Rheumatoid arthritis), Diabetes, Thyroiditis/Graves Dz |
|
|
Term
| What MHC alleles are associated with diabetes mellitus in dogs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The more _____ an animal is for MHC, the greater variety of antigenic peptides it can present to its immune sys. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of animals have more MHC diversity? Examples? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a cause of genetic erosion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Give an example of an inbred pop that lacks MHC allelic diversity. |
|
Definition
| Some pops of cheetahs, Tasmanian devils |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term for a phagosome fused w/ lysosomes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MHC-II mols can bind peptides that are _____ aa long. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An APC can express ~ _____ different MHC-II mols. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many different Ags can an APC present simultaneously? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MHC-II mols present Ag to ____ cells. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of cells to CTLs destroy? |
|
Definition
| Infected Cells, Tumor Cells, MHC-incompatible cells |
|
|
Term
| MHC-I mols can only bind peptides that are _____ aa long. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An APC can present both _____ & _____ Ag at the same time. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cross-Presentation/Cross-Priming |
|
Definition
| Under some circumstances, exogenous Ags may enter the endogenous Ag pway & thus be presented via MHC-I to CTLs |
|
|
Term
| What is one example of a molecular chaperone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HSP is important in _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are sources of fetal lymphoid stem cells? |
|
Definition
| Yolk sac, liver, bone marrow |
|
|
Term
| What is the source of lymphoid stem cells in the adult? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the primary lymphoid organs? |
|
Definition
| Thymus, Bursa, Peyers Patches, Bone Marrow |
|
|
Term
| Where do lymphocytes acquire their repertoire of Ag binding receptors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do lymphocytes mature? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do lymphocytes encounter foreign Ag in Primary lymphoid organs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does T-lymphocyte stand for? |
|
Definition
| Thymus-derived lymphocyte |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do T cell precursors come from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does thymocyte gene receptor rearrangement occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What leads to the generation of enormous diversity of lymphocytes w/ diff TCRs? |
|
Definition
| gene receptor rearrangement |
|
|
Term
| Thymocytes w/ TCR that bind self Ag are _____ & _____. |
|
Definition
| Negatively selected, die by apoptosis |
|
|
Term
| What % of thymocytes undergo negative selection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long do the survivors of thymocyte negative selection remain in the thymus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 2 populations of thymocytes leave the thymus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do B cells mature & differentiate in birds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What % of B cells die via negative selection of self-reacting B cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lymphoid Organs in the walls of the SI |
|
|
Term
| What are Group II mammals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the primary site for B cell development in Group II mammals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the primary site for B cell development in Group I mammals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are Group I mammals? |
|
Definition
| Ruminants, Pigs, Horses, Dogs, Humans |
|
|
Term
| What occurs to generate a B cell population with diverse BCR? |
|
Definition
| B cell receptor gene rearrangement |
|
|
Term
| What are secondary lymphoid organs? |
|
Definition
| Lymph nodes, Hemolymph nodes, Spleen, BALT, GALT, Tonsils, Spleen |
|
|
Term
| What are the main sites where Ag trapping & presentation to lymphocytes occurs? |
|
Definition
| Secondary Lymphoid Organs |
|
|
Term
| What are Effector B cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are Effector T-cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What predominates in the cortex of lymph nodes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What predominates in the paracortex of lns? |
|
Definition
| T-cells & Dendritic Cells |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of lns? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What organ filters Ag from blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| NK cells, unlike T & B lymphocytes, do not undergo ____ ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the signal transducer in TCR? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the signal transducer in BCR? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The strength of binding btw Ag & R |
|
|
Term
| What type of epitopes do BCRs see? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As a cell pop, B & T lymphocytes must recognize & respond to a lg # of diverse foreign Ags. This is accomplished by _____. |
|
Definition
| Somatic Gene Rearrangement |
|
|
Term
| What gene segments are involved in somatic recombination? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the enzymes that mediate somatic gene rearrangement? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If somatic gene rearrangement is defective, this leads to severe _____. |
|
Definition
| immunodeficiency syndromes |
|
|
Term
| If somatic gene rearrangement is defective, functional _____ are not generated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With regard to T & B cell progeny, TCRs and BCRs are _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mols needed to recognize mols on the surface of cells that help w/ co-stimulation |
|
|
Term
| Examples of co-stimulatory molecules: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Examples of adherence molecules: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is used for immunophenotyping lymphocytes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 2 methods of identifying surface molecules on cells? |
|
Definition
| Fluorescence microscopy & Flow cytometry |
|
|
Term
| What are the majority of lymphocytes in circulation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What % of circulating lymphocytes are T-lymphocytes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long do T-lymphocytes circulate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are subsets of T-lymphocytes defined? |
|
Definition
| Surface molecules expressed; Functions performed |
|
|
Term
| How many epitopes does a TCR bind? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In T-cells, what occurs first? Signal transduction, or Ag binding? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to a T-cell after it is signaled by CD3? |
|
Definition
| Activated, enters cell cycle, proliferates, secretes cytokines |
|
|
Term
| What is usually necessary for T cell activation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many TCRs (identical) are on the surface of each Th cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many TCR-MHC-peptide interactions are needed to trigger activation of a CD4 T cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 T-helper cell subsets? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are T-helper cell subsets defined? |
|
Definition
| By the cytokines they make |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does IL2 do when secreted by Th1 cells? |
|
Definition
| Activate other T cells, B cells, NK cells |
|
|
Term
| What does IFN-gamma do when secreted by Th1 cells? |
|
Definition
| activate macrophages (promote CMI) |
|
|
Term
| Think _____ when you think of Th1 cells. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Think _____ when you think of Th2 cells. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do IL-4 & 5 do when secreted by Th2 cells? |
|
Definition
| Stimulate B cell proliferation & Ab secretion |
|
|
Term
| Th1 cells promote resistance to _____ pathogens. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Th2 cells promote resistance to _____ pathogens. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long do B cells live? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long do memory B cells live? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What % of lymphocytes in circulation are B lymphocytes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| BCR can process & present Ag with _____ molecules. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is present in a BCR that is lacking in Ab? |
|
Definition
| B cell membrane-spanning tail |
|
|
Term
| What do variable regions of BCR dictate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most of the time, the B cell will need help from _____ cells to become fully activated. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cells mediate Delayed-type Hypersensitivity Response? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity |
|
|
Term
| What is 1 example of DTH? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cells of the innate immune sys participate in CMI? |
|
Definition
| NK, Macrophages, Neutrophils |
|
|
Term
| How many signals do mature but naive T cells need for activation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proliferation of a mature, naive T cell is _____ dependent. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Co-stimulatory mols trigger T cell entry into ____ of the cell cycle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How often/for how long do T cells divide? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Memory & Effector T cells express more _____ than naive T cells. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Upon activation, a naive CD4+ T cell can differentiate along 2 pways giving rise to _____ & _____. |
|
Definition
| CD4+ Th1 lymphocytes, CD4+ Th2 lymphocytes |
|
|
Term
| Th1-dominated response primarily promotes _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Th2-dominated response primarily promotes _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 types of killed Rabies vaccines? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Human Diploid Cell Vaccine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Purified Chick Embryo Cell Vaccine |
|
|
Term
| What is the route of both killed Rabies vaccines? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Human Rabies Immune Globulin |
|
|
Term
| What Immunoglobin/Ab is given to Rabies postexposure non-immunized individuals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the route of HRIG? |
|
Definition
| Local infusion @ wound site, w/ add'l amt IM @ site distant from vaccine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Human Ab against the rabies virus |
|
|
Term
| What is the reservoir for Rabies in Grenada? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Tx for rabies post-exposure non-immunized individuals? |
|
Definition
| Wound cleansing, HRIG, & Vaccine |
|
|
Term
| What is the Tx for rabies post-exposure previously-immunized individuals? |
|
Definition
| Wound Cleansing, NO HRIG, & Vaccine |
|
|
Term
| Describe wound cleansing for a rabies post-exposure non-immunized individual. |
|
Definition
| Immediate thorough cleansing of all wounds w/ soap & water |
|
|
Term
| Describe wound cleansing for a rabies post-exposure previously-immunized individual. |
|
Definition
| Immediate thorough cleansing of all wounds w/ soap & water. If available, an agent w/ some anti-viral activity, such as povidine-iodide sol'n should be used to irrigate the wounds. |
|
|
Term
| Describe administration of HRIG in rabies post-exposure non-immunized individuals. |
|
Definition
| If possible, the full dose should be infiltrated around any wound(s) & any remaining volume should be administered IM @ an anatomical site distant from vaccine admin |
|
|
Term
| Describe vaccine admin in rabies post-exposure non-immunized individuals. |
|
Definition
| 4 vaccinations, HDCV or PCEC 1.0 mL, IM (deltoid area), 1 ea on days 0, 3, 7, 14 |
|
|
Term
| Describe vaccine admin in rabies post-exposure previously-immunized individuals. |
|
Definition
| 2 vaccinations HDCV or PCEC 1.0 mL, IM (deltoid area), 1 ea on days 0 & 3 |
|
|
Term
| Why shouldn't HRIG be administered to previously immunized individuals? |
|
Definition
| They already have Ab b/c their initial vaccination stimulated Ab production |
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