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immune system
na
20
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
10/23/2012

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Term
What is the most important tissue in the immune system? Located?
Definition
Lymphoid tissue found in 2 general locations:
1. digestive, urinary, respiratory, and reproductive tracts
2. Lymphoid organs
Term
Lymphoid tissue found in digestive, urinary, respiratory, and reproductive tracts
Definition
Mucosa- associtated lymphoid tissues (MALT)
-GALT, gut associated
-BALT, bronchus associated
Term
Lympoid tissue found in organs includes:
Definition
lymph nodes, tonisils, spleen, appendix
They are designed to gather and destroy infectious microorganisms
Term
What type of tissue is Lymphoid tissue?
Definition
loose CT
-reticular fibers (from fibroblasts) support cells:
Lymphocytes, both effector and memory cells
dendritic cells
macrophages
Immune cells found in most loose CT in body, large amounts in lymphoid tissue
Term
What are lymphoid nodules?
Definition
after activation, B cells from distinctive sperical structures in lymphoid tissue- nodules
Center of nodules= germinal centers, rapidly proliferating B cells
Term
T cells form clusters w/
Definition
no distinctive morphology
Term
WHat does the tymus do?
Definition
immature lymphocytes develop into T lymphocytes, part of mediastinum, superior to heart
Secretes thymic hormons
Most active in childhood, functional tissue atrophies with age
Many lubule (cauliflower florets)
Composed of cortex and medulla
immature T cells enter tru arteries and exit from capillaries and ener lymphoid tissue
mature T cells re-enter capillaries and leave via viens
Term
How doe T cells travel to from thymus
Definition
immature T cells enter tru arteries and exit from capillaries and ener lymphoid tissue
mature T cells re-enter capillaries and leave via viens
Term
In the thymus, what is positive selection in cortex?
Definition
survival of T cells that can recognize own bodies infected cells, must eventually be able to recognize and destroy
Term
What is negative selection in medulla?
Definition
T cells that bind too strongly to own cells are eliminated
Minimizes autoimmune disease
Term
What are Lymph nodes, what are thee functions?
Definition
Dense CT capsule
-most antigenic challenges occur here
-antigens destroyed- and activate B and T lymphocytes
-Lymph percolates through lymph sinuses (afferent/effent vessels)
-Cortex and medulla
-Sinuses throughout and between lmph nodules containing lympoid nodules (follicles) of B cells; T cells scattered
Term
What is the largest lymphoid orgam?
Definition
Spleen, dense CT capsule that has partitions of CT= trabeculae
Term
What is the function of spleen?
Definition
blood cleanser
two main functions:
1. removal of blood bourne anigens
2. removal and destruction of old/defective blood cells
Sit of hematopoiesis in fetus
Splenic artery sends branches into trabeculae and becomes central arteries (surrounded by lymphoid tissue)
Term
What is white pulp in the spleen?
Definition
thick sleeve of lymphoid tissue surrounds central arteries
Term
What is red pulp in spleen?
Definition
surrounds white pulp
composed of:
1. sinusoids
2. splenic cords- surronds sinusoids
-reticular CT, Blood cells of all types including Red, many macrophages
Term
What is the simplest lymphoid organ?
Definition
tonsils
Term
Describe the 4 groups of tonsils:
Definition
1. Palatine: posterior-lateral oral cavity
2. Lingual: Base of tongue
3. Pharyngeal: posterior/superior nasopharynx (aka adenoids)
4. Tubal tonsils: lateral nasopharynx
Term
Tonsils are arranged -- to remove--
In -- consist of --
Definition
ring to gather and remove pathogens
CT under epithelium, consist of MALT (lympoid nodules)
Term
Where are MALT abundant?
Definition
in walls of intestines GALT- larege lymphoid nodules to fight invading bacteria in gut
Generate a wide variety of lyphocytes
-aggregated lymphoid nodules (peyer's patches) distal part of small intestine
Appendix-tubular offshoot of the cecum
Term
What are the disorders of the immune system?
Definition
1. mononucleosis- viral disease caused by epstein-barr virus (attacks B lymphocytes)
2. Hodgkins disease0 malignancy of lymph nodes
3. Non-hodgkin's lymphoma- uncontrolled multiplication and metastasis of undifferentiated lymphocytes
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