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| interrelated political and economic revolution |
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| Assembly of delegates from Austria, Great Britain, Prussia, Russia, and France. They determined the boundaries of Europe following the Napoleonic wars and also imposed penalties on France. Their main goal was to preserve absolutist regimes in Europe. |
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| Alliance of Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia designed to oppose France in case they ever revolted or started a war again. |
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| Delegate from Austria to the Congress of Vienna. He was the main proponent of absolutist regimes in an attempt to protect his class, the aristocracy. |
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| A confederation of 38 German states who were repressed by Austria and Prussia. |
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| Decrees that required the German Confederation to root out subversive ideas in their society. There were also spies deployed to the German Confederation in order to make sure these decrees were carried out. |
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| Leading economist who believed in the idea of free enterprise, where economics should be competitive, to increase profits. |
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| Developed the iron law of wages which stated that wages would always sink to subsistence level |
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| Mathematician who developed a socialist utopia and envisioned people living in large communities of 1,620 people. |
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| Journalist who urged workers to agitate for universal voting rights and to take control of the state peacefully. |
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| Printer who wrote a pamphlet that concluded that all property was theft. |
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| One of the writers of the Communist Manifesto, the guideline to Communism. He was a socialist who believed that history was just the history of class struggles, mainly between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. |
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| Book which clearly outlined Marx’s policies and urged the working class to revolt. |
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| The working class as described by Karl Marx. |
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| believed that history is “ideas set in motion” mainly that ideas define an age and these ideas produce opposing ones and eventually a new synthesis. |
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| A leader of English romanticism who traveled in France. He wrote many poems, including his famous “Daffodils” |
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| Son of a Napoleonic general who achieved an amazing variety of rhythm, language, and image in his poetry. He also wrote “The Hunchback of Notre Dame.” |
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| Her real name was Amandine Aurore Lucie Dupin (a female). She wrote over eighty novels on many different romantic and social themes. She also had affairs with many famous artists including de Musset and Chopin. |
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| Famous painter who was a master of dramatic, colorful scenes. |
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| Piano composer who was called the greatest pianist of his age. |
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| Deaf composer whose music inspired fear, awe, horror, suffering, and infinite longing. He is widely considered one of the greatest composers of all time. |
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| Laws that prohibited the importation of Corn from other countries. |
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| Placed controls on a heavily taxed press and eliminated all mass meetings. |
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| Mass meeting on Saint Peter’s Fields which was broken up by the government cavalry. |
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| Demanding equal voting rights for all men. |
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| Shortage of the potato crop which resulted in a mass emigration from Ireland to America. |
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| Reactionary King of France following Louis XVIII. He was deposed by the upper middle class. Replaced with Louis Philippe. |
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| Constitution of France which Louis Philippe agreed to. It stated that the red, white, and blue of the revolution would be the flag of France. Also made the king of France the head of state, but not the head of the government. |
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King of France following Charles X. He accepted the constitutional charter, but he was later overthrown.
French 2nd Republic-Republic that was attempted right after the overthrow of Louis Philippe. However, it failed utterly. |
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| Public works in France’s 2nd republic which was designed to create jobs. |
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| Series of days in which 10,000 people died or were injured as a result of the conflict between socialism and liberal capitalism. |
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| Nephew of Napoleon who was elected following the end of the French 2nd Republic. |
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| A artistic movement characterized by a belief in emotional exuberance, unrestrained imagination, and spontaneity in both art and personal life. |
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