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| Prince Henry the Navigator |
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| From Portugal. He was the first person to set up a navigation school. |
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| A Portuguese explorer. He was the first to try and sail around the Cape of Good Hope |
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| The first person to sail around the Cape of Good Hope. He brought back spices from the Indies, and became very rich. |
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| The first person to try and sail West to get to the East. He did not reach his destination, but he unknowingly found a new world. |
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| He was the first person to sail around the world. |
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| The biggest Spanish instituted government in the West Indies |
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| Spanish territory in the New World |
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| A New Era of Commercial Capitalism |
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| The Spanish ships would bring back lots of gold and other valuables from their territories in the New World |
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| There were several civil wars caused by religion in France. These were caused by conflict between Huguenots and Catholics. |
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| Part of the Valois dynasty. When he was killed in a tournament, his weak sons took over the throne. He was very Catholic |
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| The next house that was in line for the throne. They were very Calvinist (Huguenot) |
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| A very rich family that was ultra-Catholic. They were supported by the Pope and the Jesuits, and could pay for armies. They were in favor of strict opposition to the Huguenots |
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| In favor of very strict rules against Huguenots |
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| People who believed that religion was not worth a war to fight over it. |
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| Brought a shot peace to France when he married king Charles IX sister who was Catholic. He was a Bourbon and very Huguenot |
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| St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre |
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| A massacre in Paris on the day of Henry of Navarre's wedding. More than 3000 Huguenots were killed by Catholic mobs in very violent ways. |
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| A civil war between Henry III (king of France) Henry, duke of Guise, and Henry of Navarre. It was the last religious civil war in France, and Henry of Navarre became king. |
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| Catholicism became the official religion of France but Huguenots got the right to worship in certain places in each territory. |
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| Philip II of Spain "The Most Catholic of Kings" |
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| He was the most Catholic of kings because he promoted militant Catholicism and strict use off the inquisition |
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| Defeated in the Channel by the English. It was a crushing blow to the Spanish |
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| The Spanish defeated the Turkish fleet, a great surprise and victory. |
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| Fought against Spain during the Revolt of the Netherlands. He wanted to unite all 17 Providences |
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| Became the Dutch Republic and were recognized by Spain as independent by 1648 |
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| The last in line of the Tudor dynasty. She preceded her sister, Bloody Mary, and ruled the kingdom well and without and major catastrophes. |
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| The Act of Supremacy 1559 |
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| Repealed all of Mary's Catholic legislation and made Elizabeth head of the religion again. |
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| Very Strict Anglicans. They wanted to get rid of every part of religion that was Catholic |
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| In economics this is when the economy goes way up and way down etc etc etc |
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| Joint-Stock Trading Company |
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| People would invest in these companies that would send ships and people and supplies over to the New World in hopes that they would find gold and precious things and then send them back. |
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| A war that involved most of Europe. It started off being about religion but then moved on to being about Politics. Some say it is a model for the future world wars that would happen. |
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| The Failure of the Peace of Augsburg |
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| This treaty failed because it split the Holy Roman Empire in two over the subject of religion and started the 30 Years War. |
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| This was the first phase of the TYW |
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| In the second phase of the TYW the Danes invaded and did not do much to the HRE |
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| The third phase of the TYW. The Swedes invaded. This is where the focus shifts from religious to political |
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| a failed attempt to end the TYW by the Emperor. The Swedes would have none of it and they wanted to continue the war. |
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| The Final phase of the war. The French came into this part, and it was mostly just France vs. Spain |
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| The Peace of Westphalia 1648 |
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| The treaty that ended the TYW. It dissolved the HRE and made it so that all the princes could chose their religions for their territories and so that the HRE would be a good neighborhood. |
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| A civil war in which the parliament challenged Charles I's claim to absolute power. |
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| After Elizabeth I died and the Tudor dynasty was gone, his family, the Stuarts, came into power and he became king. he was also ruling Scotland at the time. |
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| Son of James I. He started the English Revolution by trying to arrest several people in parliament. |
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| Heir to Charles II. He tried to undermine all of the Anglican laws that had been put in place after the English revolution. |
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| Leader of parliament's forces during the English Revolution. He was head of England for a while after the revolution. |
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| Came with the invention of gunpowder. Armies were now much more expensive because they had to be larger, and different armor had to be worn by everyone. This raised taxes all across Europe. |
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| The parliament during the reign of Oliver Cromwell. He had gotten rid of everyone who was Presbyterian and so there were only 53 members left. |
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| "Hammer the Witches" A book about killing witches. |
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| A period of European Art in Italy during the High Renaissance |
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| Part of the Mannerism movement. He was from Spain |
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| Period in which art was filled with movement and clear detail |
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| A Flemish painter during the Baroque period. |
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| Did lots of classical sculpture in Italy. |
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| A very influential french writer |
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| One of the greatest writers of all time. Lived in England and wrote the greatest collection of play and poems ever. |
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| A Spanish playwright and poet |
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