Term
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Definition
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Term
| Superorder Protacanthopterygii |
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Definition
| 3 major orders: Esociformes, Osmeriformes, and Salmoniformes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pike + Mudminnows. Holarctic distribution. Not diverse (~10 spp.) Maxilla is toothless. No adipose fin. Dorsal/anal fins posterior. |
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Term
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Definition
| Smelts. Marine + Freshwater. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rainbow Smelt. Native to NE. America. Introduced broadly. (O. Osmeriformes) |
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Term
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Definition
| Galaxids. Diadromous. Mainly S. Hemisphere. Negatively impacted by Salmonids. (O. Osmeriformes) |
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Term
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Definition
| Salmon, Trout, etc. Philopatry. Adipose fin. Anadromous and Freshwater. |
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Term
| Anadromous vs Freshwater strategies in O. Salmoniformes |
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Definition
| Anadromous (Oceanic adult, Freshwater spawn->death). Freshwater (Entire life freshwater, spawn many times over life) |
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Term
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Definition
| Tendency to stay in or return to a particular area. |
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Term
| Sockeye life cycle O. Salmoniformes |
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Definition
| Egg->Alevin->Fry->Pair->Smolt->Sea-going adult->Breeding adult. |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 Subfamilies: Coregoninae, Thymallinae, Salmoninae. (O. Salmoniformes) |
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Term
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Definition
| Ciscos + Whitefish. Trophic (gill-raker size) and breeding time (heterochrony) isolation in Great Lakes. (F. Salmonidae O. Salmoniformes) |
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Term
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Definition
| Grayling + Char. (F. Salmonidae O. Salmoniformes) |
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Term
Subfamily Salmoninae
(Native, Introduced distributions of: Brook Trout, Brown Trout, and Rainbow Trout) |
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Definition
| Salmon + Trout. (Spp.-Native,Introduced) Brook- E. US/Canada, W. US/Hawaii. Brown- Europe/Asia, No. E/W US. Rainbow- W. US, US. (F. Salmonidae O. Salmoniformes) |
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Term
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Definition
| Have true fin spines in dorsal, anal, and pelvic fins. Maxilla is a toothless lever. |
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Term
| Superorder Paracanthopterygii |
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Definition
| New phylogenies are changing makeup of this group. |
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Term
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Definition
| Beardfish. Low diversity (10 spp.). |
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Term
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Definition
| Low diversity (15 spp.), but interesting transition to caves. |
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Term
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Definition
| Trout Perches. (O. Percopsiformes) |
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Term
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Definition
| Pirate Perch. (O. Percopsiformes) |
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Term
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Definition
| Cave fishes. Surface (Swamps) + (cave) Facultative have developed eyes and pigmentation). (cave) Obligate lack both. All cave dwellers have convergent loss of Rhodopsin. (O. Percopsiformes) |
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Term
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Definition
| Dories + Lookdowns. Marine. Deep Sea |
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Term
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Definition
| Cods + Hakes. Sensory barbel. Anteriad pelvic fins. Commercial importance(fisheries). |
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Term
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Definition
| Tube-eyes. Formerly in O. Lampriformes. Extreme jaw protrusion (38x V in buccal cavity). Does not involve movement of premaxilla. (O. Gadiformes) |
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Term
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Definition
| Opahs + Oarfishes. Marine. Pelagic. Open water. No spines in fins. |
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Term
| Superorder Acanthopterygii |
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Definition
| 2 Primary innovations. Novel modifications of premaxillry leading to maximal jaw protrusion, and novel development of pharyngeal dentition and action. |
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Term
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Definition
| Squirrelfish, Roughy, and Flashlight fishes. Suggested sister order to all Percomorphs. Flashlight fishes have suborbital bioluminescent patches via endosymbiont bacteria controlled by lid. |
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Term
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Definition
| Whalefishes. Deep sea. Larvae, males, and females are so different that they were in different families. |
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Term
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Definition
| Very large group that contains some of the most recent fishes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Toadfishes. Marine. Near shore. Shallow water. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Snake Mackerels (Oilfish) Important in some commercial markets. (S.O Scombroidei) |
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Term
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Definition
| Tunas + Mackerels. Some are endothermic. Important commercial fisheries (some overfished). (S.O. Scombroidei) |
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Term
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Definition
| Cusk eels. Mostly marine. Nearshore to deep sea. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pearlfishes. Unique coommensal relationship with sea cucumbers. (O. Ophidiiformes) |
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Term
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Definition
| Pipefish, Seahorses, Trumpetfishes, etc. Many with male parental care of young. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gobies, Nurseryfish, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nurseryfishes. (2spp.). Males with unique brood "pouch" on head where eggs are carried til hatching. (O. Gobiiformes) |
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Term
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Definition
| Largest of all marine families. Possibly of all (Cyprinidae + Cichlidae are close). Mostly marine, but some spp. are amphidromous or freshwater. (O. Gobiiformes) |
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Term
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Definition
| Relatively newly recognized group containing Flatfishes and some "unlikely" relatives. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Remoras ("Shark Suckers") |
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Term
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Definition
| Swordfish. Numbers have recovered since 50's restrictions on long-line fishing (also helped sea turtles). |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Flatfishes. Bilaterally symmetrical young, then one eye moves to other side as young matures. |
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Term
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Definition
| Eyes on left side, lay on right. Eyes on right, lay on left. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Families: Centrarchidae + Percidae. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sunfishes. E. N.A. + California. Largemouth Bass- Mississippi River Basin, US. (O. Perciformes) |
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Term
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Definition
| Perches. 250+ spp. of darter. Primarily lotic habitats. Central Highlands. Egg laying/parental care strategies: Burrying(Fantail), Attached(with care)(Spotted), Attached(no care)(Snubnose). (O. Perciformes) |
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Term
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Definition
| Very diverse. Most successful surface dwelling group. Marine, freshwater, and euryhaline spp. |
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Term
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Definition
| Able to tolerate a wide range of salinities. |
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Term
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Definition
| Silversides + Rainbow fishes. Some with TDSD. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rainbow fishes. Australia + New Guinea. Very sexually dimorphic. Popular in aquarium trade. (O. Atheriniformes) |
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Term
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Definition
| New world silversides. (O. Atheriniformes) |
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Term
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Definition
| Neddlefish, Halfbeaks, Flying Fish. |
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Term
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Definition
| Needlefish. Marine + Freshwater. Atlantic Needlefish have invaded as far inland as TN. (O. Beloniformes) |
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Term
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Definition
| Halfbeaks. Mostly Herbivorous. Use elongated mandible to eat floating pieces of sea grass. (O. Beloniformes) |
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Term
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Definition
| Flying Fishes. (O. Beloniformes) |
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Term
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Definition
| Killifishes, Livebearers, Topminnows. |
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Term
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Definition
| Topminnows. (O. Cyprinodontiformes) |
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Term
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Definition
| Livebearers. (O. Cyprinodontiformes) |
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Term
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Definition
| Foureye fish. (O. Cyprinidontiformes) |
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