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Ichthyology anatomy
Fish parts def.
37
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
02/10/2009

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Term
mouth positions (4)
Definition
superior, terminal, sub-terminal, inferior
Term
teeth location
Definition
typically on mandible, premaxilla and maxilla
Term
frenum
Definition
bridge of skin binding the lips to the snout or chin in non-protrusible jawed fishes
Term
fusiform
Definition
allows them to move through the water extremely fast
ex: tunas and mackerels (Scombridae)
Term
sagittaform
Definition
rover predators which depend on an ability to strike quickly
ex pikes, gar
Term
anguilliform
Definition
hide in very narrow openings, also helps with resist to force of current
ex: american eel
Term
compressiform
Definition
highly versatile and is probably the most common fish shape
ex: sunfishes, snappers, porgies, flounders
Term
depressiform
Definition
allows the fish to rest on the bottom and hide either using camouflage or by covering itself with a layer of sand
ex: skates, rays (Rajidae), angel shark, toadfishes
Term
filiform
Definition
thread shaped
ex: snipe eels
Term
taeniform
Definition
good for hiding in cracks and crevices, don't move fast
ex: gunnel,
Term
globiform
Definition
Term
paired fins
Definition
pelvic and pectoral
Term
pelvic fin
Definition
function:
location: abdominal, subabdominal, jugular, mental
Term
pectoral fin
Definition
function:
location:
Term
Unpaired fins
Definition
dorsal, anal, adipose, caudal
Term
Dorsal fin
Definition
function: stability
location: along the back, typically one or two, variable, with or with out rays
Term
Anal fin
Definition
function:
location: behind the anus, ventral side
Term
Adipose fin
Definition
function: useless found only in a few orders
location: between dorsal and caudal peduncle
Term
Caudal fin
Definition
function:
location: caudal end of body behind anal fin (tail fin)
Term
Peduncle
Definition
the base of the fin or tail where the body and fin attcah
Term
body forms (8)
Definition
anguilliform, compressiform, depressiform, fusiform, filiform, sagittaform, globiform, taeniform
Term
kype
Definition
large hook shape on lower jaw of spawning male trout
Term
cirri
Definition
tassel-like filaments
Term
tubercules
Definition
pimple like growths on the head pectorals and opercula of some spawning male fishes
Term
barbels
Definition
whisker like organ near the mouth houses taste buds and are used to search for food in murky water
Term
inferior mouth
Definition
bottom feeders
Term
sub-terminal
Definition
Term
terminal
Definition
Term
superior
Definition
surface feeders
Term
ceratotrichia
Definition
cartilaginous elements in elasmobranch fins
Term
lepidotrichia
Definition
rays (double, segmented elements) sometimes modified to spines (ossified, single)
Term
Scale types (5)
Definition
placoid, ganoid, cycloid, ctenoid, schutes
Term
placoid
Definition
dermal denticals "skin teeth"
do not increase in size as the fish grows, instead new scales grow
species: sharks and rays
Term
ganoid
Definition
rhombord shape
peg and socket joint
modified cosmoid scales
species: reed fishes, gars, paddle fishes, bowin
Term
anguilliform (swimming)
Definition
entire body undulates laterally flattened body
inefficient
Term
subcarangiform
Definition
swim with back 1/2 of body
tend toward truncate, rounded, or emarginate tails
head yaws with motion of swimming
aspect ratio of tail ~1.5-2
cods, basses, trout, many others
Term
carangiforms
Definition
swim using posterior 1/3 of body
high aspect ratio
flared, forked lunate tail
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