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HUSH Spring Midterm Chapters 25-27
The Great Depression and New Deal, WWII, The Cold War and Korean War
30
History
9th Grade
03/08/2012

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Causes of The Great Depression

distribution of wealth, oligopolies, sick industries, new technology, banks, installment plans, and problems from WWI 

Definition

Unequal distribution of wealth: not enough purchasing power. Partly b/c gov. made rich pay less taxes and most ppl were living below the poverty level, so there was not enough puchasing power to maintain the economy

Oligopolies: (the economy was dominated by them) prices were artificially inflated, instead of supply and demand.

Sick Industries: coal, RR, textile, agriculture>>>overproduction w/o demand

New Technology: they led to further overproduction

Poorly managed and regulated banks

Installment Plans

Policies of the Fed. Gov.

*high tariffs

*low interest rates> encouraged loan speculation

*made ppl think the gov was better than it really was

International Probs from WWI: high tariffs, and europeans not able to pay back loans to US

Term

Spark of the Great Depression

loans, speculators, margin calls

Definition

(speculated: many hoped to get rich)

1. Banks had given risky loans to speculators who invested it in the stock market→speculators relied upon stock market going up so they could get teh $ to repay the loans

2. Banks themselves had invested in the market

3. late 1920's stock market begins to run out of investors

4. investors sensed danger and began selling off their holdings→prices fell→more ppl sold→prices fell more (vicious cycle)

5. lenders started making margin calls (demanding their money back immediately)

*ppl wernt able to pay it back b.c their stock hadnt gone up

*banks wernt gettingtheir $ back→many had to close

*cause a huge bank run but most ppl lost their life savings

October 29, "Black Tuesday", prices took the steepest drop ever and $10-$15 million was lost.

This continued and by November (one week later) $30 billion was lost

Term

Social Effects of the Great Depression

women, men, families, AA's

Definition
  • more women were working and still straying from traditional roles and values.
    • traditional attitudes reinforced opposition to female employment. some fundamentalist thought women were taking jobs that rightfully belonged to men.
    • some private employers or companies stopped hiring women and dismissed those who were married
  • divorce rates go down (ppl can't afford it)
  • desertion (men leaving the family) however, goes up! (they feel bad b.c they can't provide for their family so they leave)
    • men loose self-esteem b/c they don't have a job
  • birth rates go down
  • marriages were postponed
  • Hoovervilles: shantytowns named to mock pres. Hoover, where unemployed and homeless people lived in poverty
  • AA unemployment rates were 2x of whites (jobless whites took AA traditional jobs)
    • local and state govs. set higher requirments for AA's to receive aid
Term
Hoover and The Great Depression
Definition
Hoover fought economic depression more vigorously than any previous president, but he believed that voluntary, private action was preferable to federal intervention.  Charities and local authorities, he believed, should help the unemployed; direct federal relief would expand government power and undermine the recipient's power (diminish their character). He vetoed Congress's attempts to aid the unemployed. Hoover established the Reconstruction Finance Corporation: lent federal funds to banks, insurance companies, and railroads. Hoover believed that their recovery would expand the economy and a better life would "trickle down" to ordinary americans. These programs satisfied few americans who saw Hoover as indifferent to their suffering and a protector of priviledged business interest.  Hoover also had businesses pledge to maintain employment and wage levels, but then they couldn't anymore and broke their pledges. The unemployment rate increased in his presidency.
Term
FDR's Approach to the Depression
Definition

In FDR's first 100 days (3months) in office he pushed 15 major bills through congress. The bills would reshape every aspect of the economy from banking and industry to agriculture and social welfare. 

The bills provided Relief (financial), Recovery (jobs), and Reformed the economy (prevent another depression from happening again).

Roosevelt's Financial Targets*

banks

1. national bank Holiday: close all remaining banks

2. Emergency Banking Act: gov extended assistance to sound banks and reorganized weak ones

3. federal Deposit Insurance Corps (FDIC): insured bank deposits for all bank members- protected your savings account

stocks (regulated and reformed the stock market)

1. Securities Act: reformed the sale of stocks to prevent insider abuses

2. Securities Exchange Commission (SEC): regulate the stock market to avoid dishonest practices

credit

1. Home Owners Loan Corporation: helped pay mortages

2. Farm Credit Administration: helped farmers par mortages

*The 15 major bills of the New Deal Plan reshaped every aspect of the economy. FDR believed that by increasing gov programs, business activity would increase thereby fostering consuemr confidence and investment which would keep the economy growing.

Term

Legacy of the New Deal

and lasting programs

Definition

The New Deal's greatest legacy was the shift in government philosophy to be way more involved in the economy. People said the gov had to get involved to ensure the health of the nations economy and welfare f the citizens. The lasting programs of the New Deal are the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Securities and Exchange Act, the Tennesse Valley Authority, and the Social Security Act

Lasting programs= Federal Deposit Corp protect your savings account.  Securites and Exchange Act regulated teh stock market to avoid dishonest prices. Tennessee valley Authority built a thing to convert h20 to electricity in the Tenn. Valley. Social Security Act provided pensions for the elderly

Term
FDR's Court Packing Scheme
Definition

The federal court has to approve anything before the president (FDR) can make anything a law. FDR gets mad-doesn't like them telling him what he can and can't do-so he wanted to add/appoint his own 6 more justices. People got mad at him. said no, that's just like the spoils system.

-It revived conservative opposition to FDR

Term

Facism and Communism

Stalin v. Hitler/Mussolini

Definition

Both include:

*nationalism (extreme patriotism marked by a feeling of superiorty over other countries)

*centralized government (the form of government in which all power is concentrated in a central authority)

*militaristic expansionism

*want more ownership of property

Term
War Production During WWII
Definition

War Production Board (WPB) and Office of War Management (OWM)- these were both created to help the regulation of all war production

*car industries started making tanks, jeeps, artillery, cooking pots, ect. for the war

*existing factories retool to make war equipment and new factories turned out thousands of planes and ships

*america's mass production techniques blow japan and germany away

*by 1944, 40 percent of military production was coming from the US

Going into WWII brough US out of the Great Depression b/c we made a lot of money making and selling war supplies.

*overall income per capita doubled. poorest quarter of americans made up some of the ground lost during the Great Depression 

Term
Appeasement at Munich
Definition

 

A meeting that transferred Sudetenland (part of Czechoslovakia) to Germany in order to have Hitler promise not to make any further territorial demands in Europe. 

 

The agreement appeared to prevent a war with Germany. But then the German army seized the rest of Czechoslovakia. In taking this action, Hitler had broken the Munich agreement and the British Prime Minister realized that Hitler could not be trusted.

 

Term
Korematsu v. United States
Definition

upheld the internment plan. This court plan said the US could have internment camps b/c of safety and fear of Japanese spies.

*112,000 japanese on the west coast were forcibly moved to ten internment camps known as Executive Order 9906

Term
Operation Overlord and D-Day
Definition

June 6, 1944

code name for the entire campaign across Northern France. A series of landings on France.

3 most important factors in order for fight to occur:

1. coordination of men

2. good weather

3. the element of surprise

D- Day was the day allie troops landed in Normandy

*planned by Eisenhower who is a part of SHAEF

 

Term
Yalta Conference
Definition
  • This conference demanded Germany's surrender and divided Germany into 4 zones of occupation under a unified control commission in Berlin.
  • USSR agreed to declare war on Japan 3months after Germany's surrender.
  •  Stalin gave very vague promises that non-communist can participate in post war government
  • Allies plan to issue an ultimatum to Japan for their surrender otherwise they face utter destruction (atomic bombs)
Term
Attack on Pearl Harbor
Definition

US was restricting Japanese imports. we set an embargo on them, but they bombed us to eliminate our war ships and strategize. They missed a lot of vital war ships; however, this action got the US into the war

they killed a lot of people, but they failed to destroy Pearl Harbors ship repair faculties, the bases power plant, or its fuel tanks. US aircraft carriers escaped destruction

Term
War without Mercy
Definition
There was so much racial hatred. cultural differences permeates both sides and leads to a war without mercy in the Pacific.
Term
Manhattan Project
Definition

the building of the atomic bomb

developed the first nuclear weapons. Top Secret

Term
American Support for the WWII
Definition
*By late 1941, polls indicated that most Americans still hoped to avoid war, but
the support for the war unified Americans across regional, national, and class divisions

 

Term
Battle of Britain
Definition
Hitler sent his airforce, the Luftwaffe, to destroy Britain from the air. Introduced Bliztkrieg, "lightening warfare"
Term
How did WWII begin?
Definition
WWII began September 1, 1939 with the German invasion of Poland. (Germany wanted to establish a large empire in Europe)
Term
Stalingrad
Definition

*turning point in the eastern theatre

took place in Stalingrad, Russia between Germans and Soviets

Soviets won

Term
The Italian Campaign
Definition
Italy is considered to be the "soft underbelly of the axis". It falls early on in the war
Term
Battle of the Atlantic
Definition

the longest and largest military campaign

when: 1939 till Germany's defeat

-lasted the entire 6 years of the war

Term
Operation Torch
Definition

allied victory

marks when the war began spreading to Africa*

American troops land in Morocco under General George Patton

Term
The Battle of El Allamein
Definition

In the deserts of North Africa (egypt). Field Marshall Bernard Montgomery and his troops forced German army to retreat from the Suez Canal.

Turning point in the African war b/c the allies secured the Suez Canal.

Term
Battle of the Bulge
Definition
a vital part to the defeat of Germany. German's punched a hole in the allied offense (creating a "bulge" or hole in our front lines), but then we pushed them back like a slingshot.  Took place in France, near the French and German border
Term
George Patton
Definition

commander of Operation Torch

lead the US 3rd Army during liberation

Term
Bernard Montgomery
Definition
General. led Battle at El Alamein (in securing the Suez Canal)
Term
Douglas McAurthor
Definition
US commander of the Southwest Pacific. (he and Nimitz used the island hopping strategy)
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