Term
|
Definition
| Movement of a limb away from the midline or medial plane of the body along the frontal plane |
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Term
|
Definition
| The movement of a limb toward the body midline |
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Term
|
Definition
| Increases the angle between the articulating bones |
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Term
|
Definition
| Decreases the angle of the joint and brings the articulating bones closer together |
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Term
|
Definition
| Lifting the foot so that its superior surface approaches the shin |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pointing the toes away from the shin |
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Term
|
Definition
| Turning of a bone around its own long axis. It is the only movement allowed between the first two cervical vertebrae and is common at the hip and shoulder joints. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Ex. Movement of the hip away from the midline of the body |
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Term
|
Definition
| Ex. Rotation of the hip towards the midline of the body |
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Term
| Epicranius/Occipitofrontalis: Description |
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Definition
| Bipartite muscle consisting of the frontal and occipital bellies connected by a cranial aponeurosis, the galea aponeurotica; the alternate actions of these two muscles pull scalp forward and backward |
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Term
| Epicranius/Occipitalfrontalis: Frontal belly - Description |
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Definition
| Covers forehead and dome of skull; no bony attachments |
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Term
| Epicranius/Occipitalfrontalis: Frontal belly - Origin and Insertion |
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Definition
O-galea aponeurotica
I-skin of eyebrows and root of nose |
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Term
| Epicranius/Occipitalfrontalis: Frontal belly - Action |
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Definition
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Term
| Epicranius/Occipitalfrontalis: Occpital belly - Description |
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Definition
| Overlies posterior occiput, by pulling on the galea, fixes origin of frontalis |
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Term
| Epicranius/Occipitalfrontalis: Occpital belly - Origin/Insertion |
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Definition
O-occipital and temporal bones
I- galea aponeurotica |
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Term
| Epicranius/Occipitalfrontalis: Occpital belly - Action |
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Definition
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Term
| Orbicularis oculi - Description |
|
Definition
| Thin, tripartite sphincter muscle of eyelid, surrounds rim of the orbit |
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Term
| Orbicularis oculi - Origin/Insertion |
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Definition
O-Frontal and maxillary bones and ligaments around orbit
I-Tissue of eyelid |
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Term
| Orbicularis oculi - Action |
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Definition
| Produces blinking, squinting, and draws eyebrows inferiorly |
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Term
| Orbicularis Oris - Description |
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Definition
| Complicated, multilayered muscle of the lips with biers that run in many different directions; most run circularly |
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Term
| Orbicularis Oris - Origins/Insertions |
|
Definition
O-Arises indirectly from maxilla and mandible; fibers blended with fibers of other facial muscles associated with the lips
I-encircles mouth; inserts into muscle and skin at angles of mouth |
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Term
| Orbicularis Oris - Action |
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Definition
| Closes lips, purses and protrudes lips, kissing and whistling muscle |
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Term
|
Definition
| Slender muscle inferior and later to zygomaticus |
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Term
| Risorius - Origins/Insertions |
|
Definition
O - Lateral fascia associated with masseter of muscle
I - Skin at angle of mouth |
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Term
|
Definition
| Draws corner of lips laterally |
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Term
| Zygomaticus - Description |
|
Definition
| Muscle pair extending diagonally from cheekbone to corner of mouth |
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Term
| Zygomaticus - Origin/Insertion |
|
Definition
O - Zygomatic bone
I - Skin and muscle at corner of mouth |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Unpaired, thin, sheetlike superficial neck muscle, not strictly a head muscle but plays a role in facial expression |
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Term
| Platysma - Origin/Insertion |
|
Definition
O - Fascia of chest (over pectoral muscles and deltoid)
I - Lower margin of mandible, and skin and muscle at corner of mouth |
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Term
|
Definition
Helps depress mandible, pulls lower lip back and down.
ie produces doward sag of mouth, tenses skin of neck (during shaving) |
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Term
| Muscles of the Scalp and Face |
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Definition
| Epicranius (frontal and occipital belly), orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, risorius, zygomaticus, platysma |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Powerful muscle that covers lateral aspect of mandibular foramen |
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Term
| Masseter - Origin/Insertion |
|
Definition
O - Zygomatic arch and maxilla
I - Angle and Ramus of Mandible |
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Term
|
Definition
| Prime mover of jaw closure, elevates mandible |
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Term
|
Definition
| Fan-shaped muscle that covers parts of the temporal, frontal, and parietal bones |
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Term
| Temporalis - Origin/Insertion |
|
Definition
O - Temporal fossa
I - coronoid process via a tendon that passes deep to zygomatic arch |
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Term
|
Definition
| Closes jaw, elevates and retracts mandible, syngergist of pterygoids in side to side movements, maintains position of the mandible at rest |
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Term
| Muscles that Move the Head and Vertebral Column |
|
Definition
| Sternocleidomastoid, splenius capitis |
|
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Term
| Sternocleidomastoid - Description |
|
Definition
| Two-headed muscle located deep to platysma on anterolateral surface of neck; fleshy parts on either side of the neck delineate limits of anterior and posterior triangles, key muscular landmark in neck |
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Term
| Sternocleidomastoid - Origin/Insertion |
|
Definition
O - Manubrium of sternum and medial portion of clavicle
I - Mostoid process of temporal bone and superior nuchal line of occipital bone |
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Term
| Sternocleidomastoid - Action |
|
Definition
| Prime mover of active head flexion |
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Term
| Splenius capitis - Description |
|
Definition
| Broad bipartite superficial muscles extending from upper thoracic vertebrae to skull, capitis portion known as "bandage muscle" because it covers and holds down deeper neck muscles |
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Term
| Splenius capitis - Origins/Insertions |
|
Definition
O - Ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T6
I - Mastoid process of temporal bone and occipital bone |
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Term
| Splenius capitis - Action |
|
Definition
| Act as a group to extend or hyperextend head, when splenius muscles on one side are activated, head is rotated and bent laterally toward same side |
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Term
| Muscles of the Abdominal Wall |
|
Definition
| External oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, linea alba (not a muscle) |
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Term
| External Oblique - Description |
|
Definition
| Largest and most superficial of the three lateral muscles; fibers run downward and medially (same direction outstretched fingers take when hands put into pants pockets) |
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Term
| External Oblique - Origin/Insertion |
|
Definition
O - Pubic crest and symphysis
I - Xyphoid processes and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 |
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Term
| External Oblique - Action |
|
Definition
| WHen pair contract simultaneously, aid rectus abdominis muscles in flexin vertebral column and in compressing abdominal wall and increasing intrabdominal pressure, acting individually aid muscles of back in trunk rotation and lateral flexion, used in oblique curls |
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Term
| Internal Oblique - Description |
|
Definition
| Most fibers run upward and medially, however, the muscle fan so its inferior fibers run downward and medially |
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Term
| Internal Oblique - Origin/Insertion |
|
Definition
O - Lumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inguinal ligament
I - lineal alba, pubic crest, last three or four ribs, and costal margin |
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Term
| Internal Oblique - Action |
|
Definition
| When pair contract simultaneously, aid rectus abdominis muscles in flexing vertebral column and in compressing abdominal wall and increasing intrabdominal pressure, acting individually aid muscles of back in trunk rotation and lateral flextion, used in oblique curls |
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Term
| Transversus abdominis - Description |
|
Definition
| Deepest innermost muscle of abdominal wall, fibers run horizontally |
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Term
| Transversus abdominis - Origins/Insertions |
|
Definition
O - inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia, cartilages of last six ribs, iliac crest
I - Linea alba, pubic crest |
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|
Term
| Transversus abdominis - Action |
|
Definition
| Compresses abdominal contents |
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Term
| Rectus abdominis - Description |
|
Definition
| Medial superficial muscle pair, extend from pubis to ribcage, enshated by aponeuroses of lateral muscles, segmented by 3 tendinous insertions |
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Term
| Rectus abdominis - Origin/Insertion |
|
Definition
O - Pubic crest and symphysis
I - Xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 |
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Term
| Rectus abdominis - Action |
|
Definition
| Flex and rotate lumbar region of vertebral column, fix and depress ribs, stabilize pelvis during walking, increase intraabdominal pressure, used in sit-ups |
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Term
|
Definition
| Tendinous raphe (seam) that is formed by the rectus abdominis muscles fusing |
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Term
| Linea Alba - Origin/Insertion |
|
Definition
| Runs from the sternum to the pubic symphysis |
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Term
|
Definition
| Serratus anterior, pectoralis minor, trapezius, rhomboids major and minor |
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Term
| Serratus Anterior - Description |
|
Definition
| Fan-shaped muscle lies deep to scapula, bneath and inferior to pectoral muscles on lateral rib cage, forms medial wall of axilla, origins have serated or sawtooth appearance, paralysis results in "winging" of vertebral border of scapula away from chest wall, making arm elevation impossible |
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Term
| Serratus Anterior - Origin/Insertion |
|
Definition
O - by a series of muscle slips from ribs 1-8/9
I - entire anterior surface of vertebral border of scapula |
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Term
| Serratus Anterior - action |
|
Definition
| Prime mover to protract and hold scapula against chest wall, rotates scapula so that its inferior angle moves laterally and upward; raises point of shoulder, important role in abduction and raising of arm and in horizontal arm movements (pushing, punching "boxer's muscle" |
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|
Term
| Pectoralis Minor - Description |
|
Definition
| Flat, thin muscle directly beneath and obscured by pectoralis major |
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Term
| Pectoralis Minor - Origin/Insertion |
|
Definition
O - Anterior surfaces of ribs 3-5 or 2-4
I - Coracoid process of scapula |
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|
Term
| Pectoralis Minor - Action |
|
Definition
| With ribs fixed, draws scapula forward and downward, with scapula fixed, draws rib cage superiorly |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Most superfical muscle of posterior thorax, flat and triangular in shape, upper fibers run superior to scapula, middle fibers run horizontally to scapula, lower fibers run inferiorly to scapula |
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|
Term
| Trapezius - Origin/Insertion |
|
Definition
O-occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spines of C7 and all thoracic vertebrae
I - A continuous insertion along acromion and spine of scapula and lateral third of clavicle |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Stabilizes, raises, retracts, and rotates scapula. Middle fibers retract (adduct) scapula, superior fibers elevate scapula (as in shrugging the shoulders), or can help extend head with scapula fixes, inferior fibers depress scapula and shoulder |
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|
Term
| Rhomboids Major and Minor - Description |
|
Definition
| Two rectangular muscles lying deep to trapezius and inferior to levator scapulae, rhomboid minor is the more superior muscle |
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Term
| Rhomboids Major and Minor - Origin/Insertion |
|
Definition
O - Spinous processes of C7 and T1 (minor) and spinous processes of T2-T5 (major)
I - medial border of scapula |
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Term
| Rhomboids Major and Minor - Action |
|
Definition
| Act together (and with middle trapezius fibers) to retract scapula, thus "squaring shoulders", rotate glenoid cavity of scapula downward (as when arm is lowered against resistance eg paddling a canoe) stabilize scapula |
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Term
| Muscles that Move the Forearm |
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Definition
| biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis, triceps brachii, pronator teres |
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Term
| Muscles that Move the Arm |
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Definition
| Pectoralis major, latissiums dorsi, teres major, deltoid, subscapularis, infraspinatus, supraspinatus, teres minor |
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Term
|
Definition
| Subscapularis, infraspinatus, supraspinatus, teres minor |
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|
Term
| Pectoralis Major - Description |
|
Definition
| Large, fan0shaped muscle covering upper prtion of chest, forms anterior axillary fold, divided into clavicular and sternal parts |
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Term
| Pectoralis Major - Origin/Insertion |
|
Definition
O - sternal end of clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6/7, and aponeurosis of external oblique muscle
I - fibers converge to insert by a short tendon into greater tubercle of humerus |
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Term
| Pectoralis Major - Action |
|
Definition
| Prime mover of arm flexion, rotates arm medially, adducts arm against resistance, with scapula (and arm) fixed, uplls rib cage upward, thus can help in climbing, throwing, pushing |
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|
Term
| Latissimus dorsi - Description |
|
Definition
| Broad, flat, triangular muscle of lower back (lumbar region), extensive superfical origins, covered by trapezius superiorly, contributes to the posterior wall of axilla |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| O - Indirect attachment via lumbodorsal fascia into spines of lower six thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, lower 3 to 4 ribs, and iliac crest |
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|
Term
| Latissiums Dorsi - Action |
|
Definition
Primve mover of arm extension, power arm adductor, medially rotates arm at shoulder, depresses scapula
Useful in bringing the arm down in a power stroke eg hammering, swimming, rowing. With arms fixed overhead it pulls the rest of the body upward and foward |
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|
Term
| Teres Major - Description |
|
Definition
| Thick, rounded muscle, located inferior to teres minor, helps to form posterior wall of axilla (along with latissimus dorsi and subscapularis) |
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Term
|
Definition
O - Posterior surface of scapula at inferior angle
I - Intertubercular sulcus of the humerus, insertion tendon fused with that of latissiums dorsi |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Posteriomedially extends, medially rotates, and adducts humerus, synergist of latissium dorsi |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Thick, multipennate muscle forming rounded shoulder muscle mass, responsible for roundness of shoulder, |
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|
Term
|
Definition
O - Embraces insertion of the trapezius, laterael third of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
I - deltoid tuberosity of humerus |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Prime mover of arm abduction when all its fibers contract simultaneously. Antagonist of pectoralis major and latissiums dorsi which adduct the arm. IF only anterior fibers are active can act powerfully in flexion and medial rotation of humerus, therefore synergist of pectoralis major. If only psterior fibers are active, effects extension and lateral rotation of arm; active during rhythimc arm swinging movements during walking |
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|
Term
| Subscapularis - Description |
|
Definition
| Forms part of posterior wall of axilla, tendon of insertion passes in front of shoulder joint, rotator cuff muscle |
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|
Term
|
Definition
O - Subscapular fossa of scapula
I - lesser tubercle of humerus |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Chief medial rotator of humerus, assisted by pectoralis major, helps to hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity thereby stabilizing the shoulder joint |
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|
Term
| Infranspinatus - Description |
|
Definition
| Partially covered by deltoid and trapezius, named for its scapular location. Rotator cuff muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O - infraspinous fossa of scapula
I - greater tubercle of humerus posterior to insertion of supraspinatus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Helps to hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity, stablizing teh shoulder joint, rotates humerus laterally |
|
|
Term
| Supraspinatus - Description |
|
Definition
| Named for its location on posterior aspect of scapula, deep to trapezius, a rotator cuff muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O - supraspinous fossa of scapula
I - superior part of greater tubercle of humerus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stablizes shoulder joint, helps to prevent downward dislocation of humerus. assists in abduction |
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|
Term
| Teres minor - Description |
|
Definition
| Small, elongated muscle, lies inferior to infraspinatus and may be inseparable from that muscle, a rotator cuff muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O - Lateral border of dorsal scapular surface
I - Greater tubercle of humerus inferior to infraspinatus insertion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Same actions as infranspinatus muscle, adducts arm. Helps to hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity, stablizing teh shoulder joint, rotates humerus laterally |
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|
Term
| Biceps Brachii - Description |
|
Definition
| Two-headed fusiform muscle, bellies unite as insertion point is approached, tendon of long head helps stabilize shoulder joint |
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Term
|
Definition
O-short head: coracoid process. long head: tubercle above and lip of glenoid cavity, tendon of long head runs within capsule and into intertubercular sulcus of humerus
I - by common tendon into radial tuberosity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Flexes elbow joint and supinates forearm, these actions usually occur at same time (eg opening a bottle of wine), weak flexor of arm at shoulder |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Strong muscle that is immediately deep to biceps brachii on distal humerus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O - Front of distal humerus, embraces insertion of deltoid muscle
I - Coronoid process of ulna |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| A major forearm flexor (lifts ulna as biceps lift the radius) |
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|
Term
| Brachioradialis - Description |
|
Definition
| Superficial muscle of lateral forearm, forms lateral boundary of antecubital fossa, extends from distal humerus to distal forearm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O - lateral supracondylar ridge at distal end of humerus
I - base of styloid process of radius |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Syngergist in forearm flexion, acts to best advantage when forearm is partially flexed and semi pronated, during rapid flexion and extension, stabilizes the elbow |
|
|
Term
| Triceps Brachii - Description |
|
Definition
| Large fleshy muscle, the only muscle of posterior compartment of arm, three headed origin, long and lateral heads lie superficial to medial head |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O - Long Head: Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula. Lateral Head: Posterior shaft of humerus. Medial Head: Posterior humeral shaft distal to radial groove
I - By common tendon into olecranon process of ulna |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Powerful forearm extensor of forearm flexors, long and lateral heads mainly active in extension against resistance. Long head tendon may help stabilize shoulder joint and assist in arm adduction |
|
|
Term
| Pronator Teres - Description |
|
Definition
| Two headed muscle, seen in superficial view between proximal margins of brachioridalis and flexor carpi radialis; forms medial boundary of antecubital fossa. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O - medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna
I - by common tendon into lateral radius, midshaft |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pronates forearm, weak flexor of elbow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Origin: structure that the origin is attached to is not moved by the contraction of the muscle
Insertion: attaches to the structure that will be moved by the contraction of the muscle. |
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|
Term
| Flexor carpi radialis - Description |
|
Definition
| Runs diagonally across forearm |
|
|
Term
| Flexor carpi radialis - O/I |
|
Definition
O: Medial epicondyle of the humerus
I: Base of second and third metacarpals |
|
|
Term
| Flexor carpi radialis - Action |
|
Definition
| Flexor of wrist, abducts hand, synergist of elbow flexion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: Medial epicondyle of the humerus
I: Palmar aponeurosis, skin and fascia of palm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Weak wrist flexor, tense skin and fascia of palm during hand movement, weak synergist for elbow flexion |
|
|
Term
| Pronator teres - Description |
|
Definition
| Between brachioradialis and flexor carpi radialis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: medial epicondyle of humerus; coronoid process of ulan
I: radius |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pronates forearm, weak elbow flexor |
|
|
Term
| Flexor carpi ulnaris - O/I |
|
Definition
O: Medial epicondyle of the humerus, olecranon process and posterior surface of ulna
I: Base of fifth metacarpal |
|
|
Term
| Flexor carpi ulnaris - Action |
|
Definition
| Powerful flexor of wrist, adducts hand, stabilizes wrist |
|
|
Term
| extensor carpi ulnaris - O/I |
|
Definition
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna
I: Base of fifth metacarpal |
|
|
Term
| extensor carpi ulnaris - Action |
|
Definition
| Extends wrist and adducts wrist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
I: Four tendons into extensor expansions and distal phalanges of fingers 2-5 |
|
|
Term
| extensor digitorum - Action |
|
Definition
| Prime mover of finger extension, extends wrist, can abduct (Flare) fingers |
|
|
Term
| Muscles that move the hand |
|
Definition
| Flexor carpi radialis, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus |
|
|
Term
| Muscles that move the thigh |
|
Definition
| Psoas major, ilacus, gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, tensor fasciae latae, iliotibial tract, gracilis, adductors longus, adductor magnus, pectineus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: Transverse processes, discs of lumbar vertebrae and vertebrae and T12
I: Lesser trochanter of femur via iliopsoas tendon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Effects lateral flexion of vertebral column, important postural muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: Iliac fossa and crest, lateral sacrum
I: Femur on and immediately below lesser trochanter of femur via ilopsoas tendon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prime mover for flexing thigh for flexing trunk on thigh during a bow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: Bewteen anterior and posterior gluteal lines on lateral surface of ilium
I: By short tendon into lateral aspect of greater trochanter of femur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abducts and medially rotates thigh, steadies pelvis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: Dorsal ilium, sacrum, and coccyx
I: Gluteal tuberosity of femur, illotibal tract |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Major extensor of the thigh |
|
|
Term
| Tensor fasciae latae - O/I |
|
Definition
O: Anterior aspect of iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine
I: Illotibial tract |
|
|
Term
| Tensor fasciae latae - Action |
|
Definition
| Flexes and abducts thight, rotates thigh medially |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: Inferior ramus and body of pubic and ischial ramus
I: Medial surface of tibia just inferior to its medial condyle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Adducts thigh, flexes and medially rotates thigh |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: Pubis near pubic symphysis
I: Linea aspera |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Adducts, flexes, and medially rotates thigh |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: Ischial and pubic rami and ischial tuberosity
I: Linea aspera and adductor tubercle of femur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Adducts, medially rotates, and flexes thigh |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: Pectineal line of pubic and superior ramus
I: Inferior from lesser trochanter to the linea aspera of posterior aspect of femur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Adducts, flexes, and medially rotates thigh |
|
|
Term
| Muscles that move the leg |
|
Definition
| Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranous, sartorius, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: Anterior inferior iliac spine and superior margin of acetabulum
I: Patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Extends knee and flexes thigh at hip |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: Greater trochanter, linea aspera
I: patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament |
|
|
Term
| Vastus lateralis - action |
|
Definition
| Extends and stabilizes the knee |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: linea aspera
I: patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extends knee, stabilizes patella |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O: Anterior and lateral surfaces of proximal femur shaft
I: patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament |
|
|
Term
| Vastus Intermedius - Action |
|
Definition
|
|
