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human movement muscle origin and insertion
human movement muscle quiz flashcards
29
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
08/23/2017

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Term
sternocleidomastoid
Definition
  • ORIGIN: manubrium of sternum & medial portion of clavicle

 

  • INSERTION: mastoid process of temporal bone & superior nuchal line of occipital bone

 

  • ACTION: head flexion, rotates head towards opposite side 

 

  • NERVE: accessory nerve 
  • [image]
Term

transverse abdominis 

 

Definition
  • ORIGIN: inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia, iliac crest
  • INSERTION: linea alba, pubic crest
  • ACTION: compresses abdominal contents
  • NERVE: Intercostals

[image]

Term
rectus abdominis
Definition
  • ORIGIN: pubic crest & sym - physis
  • INSERTION: xyphoid process & costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 
  • ACTION: flex and rotate lumbar, fix and depress ribs, stabilize pelvis, increases intra-abdominal pressure
  • NERVE: intercostals 

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Term
trapezius
Definition
  • ORIGIN: occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spines of C7 - T12
  • INSERTION: spine & acromion of scapula, lateral 3rd of clavicle
  • ACTION: stabilizes raises and retracts scapula, elevates scapula or synergist to head extension, depresses scapula and shoulder. 
  • NERVE: accessory nerve 

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Term
levator scapulae
Definition
  • ORIGIN: transverse processes of C1-C4
  • INSERTION: medial border of scapula, superior to spine
  • ACTION: elevates and adducts scapula, tilts glenoid cavity down, and flexes neck to same side. 
  • NERVE: cervical spinal, dorsal scapular nerve 

[image]

Term
petoral major
Definition
  • ORIGIN: r 56 sternal end of clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6, & aponeurosis of external oblique muscle
  • INSERTION: by a short tendon into intertubercular groove of humerus
  • ACTION: agonist of arm flexion • rotates arm medially • adducts arm against resistance • pulls rib cage upward with scapula fixed
  • NERVE: Lateral & medial pectoral nerves

[image]

Term

latissimus dorsi 

 

Definition
  • ORIGIN:via lumbodorsal fascia t
  • INSERTION: intertubercular groove of humerus
  • ACTION: • agonist of arm extension • powerful arm adductor • medially rotates arm & shoulder • depresses scapula • pulls body upward & forward with arms fixed overhead
  • NERVE: thoracodorsal

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Term
supraspinatus
Definition
  • ORIGIN: supraspinous fossa of scapula
  • INSERTION: superior part of greater tubercle of humerus
  • ACTION: • stabilizes shoulder joint • helps prevent downward dislocation of humerus
  • NERVE: SUPRASCAPULAR NERVE 

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Term
infraspinatus
Definition
  • ORIGIN: infraspinous fossa of scapula
  • INSERTION: greater tubercle of humerus, posterior to supraspinatus
  • ACTION: • helps to hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity • stabilizes the shoulder joint • rotates humerus laterally
  • NERVE: suprascapular 

 

[image]

Term
teres minor
Definition
  • ORIGIN: lateral border of dorsal scapular surface
  • INSERTION: greater tubercle of humerus, inferior to infraspinatus
  • ACTION: same as infraspinatus
  • NERVE: axillary nerve
  •  [image]
Term
subscapularis
Definition
  • ORIGIN: subscapular fossa of scapula
  • INSERTION:lesser tubercle of humerus
  • ACTION:• chief medial rotator of humerus, assisted by pectoralis major • helps to hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity, stablizes shoulder
  • NERVE: Subcapular nerve

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Term
biceps brachii
Definition
  • ORIGIN: long head (65-1): tubercle above glenoid cavity and lip of glenoid cavity of scapula short head: (65-2): coracoid process of scapula
  • INSERTION: by common tendon to radial tuberosity
  • ACTION:  flexes elbor joint & supinates forearm (usually at the same time) • weak flexor of arm @ shoulder
  • NERVE: Musculocutaneous nerve

[image]

Term
brachialis
Definition
  • ORIGIN: front of distal humerus
  • INSERTION: coronoid process of ulna
  • ACTION:  major forearm flexor, synergist with biceps brachii
  • NERVE:Musculocutaneous nerve

[image]

Term
brachioradialis
Definition
  • ORIGIN: lateral supracondylar ridge @ distal end of humerus
  • INSERTION: base of styloid process of radius
  • ACTION: • synergist in forearm flexion, best when forearm is partially flexed • stablizes the elbow during rapid flexion & extension
  • NERVE: radial 

[image]

Term
triceps brachii
Definition
  • ORIGIN: posterior humeral shaft distal to radial groove
  • INSERTION: by common tendon into olacrenon process of ulna
  • ACTION:  agonist of forearm extension (medial head) • antagonist of forearm flexors • stablizes shoulder joint & assist in arm adduction (long head tendon)
  • NERVE: radial 

[image]

 

Term
satorius
Definition
  • ORIGIN: anterior superior iliac spine
  • INSERTION: medial aspect of proximal tibia
  • ACTION: • flexes, abducts & laterally rotates the thigh • flexes knee (weak)
  • NERVE: femoral nerve 

 

[image]

Term
gracilis
Definition
  • ORIGIN: inferior ramus & body of pubis, ischial ramus
  • INSERTION: medial surface of tibial shaft just inferior to medial condyle
  • ACTION: • adducts thigh • flexes & medially rotates leg (when walking)
  • NERVE: obturator nerve 

 

[image]

Term
gluteus maximus
Definition
  • ORIGIN:dorsal ilium, sacrum & coccyx
  • INSERTION: gluteal tuberosity of femur, iliotibial tract
  • ACTION: • major extensor of thigh • laterally rotates & abducts thigh • inactive during standing
  • NERVE: inferior gluteal nerve 

 

[image]

Term
gluteus medius
Definition
  • ORIGIN:lateral surface of ilium between anterior & posterior gluteal lines
  • INSERTION:via short tendon into lateral aspect of greater trochanter 
  • ACTION: • abducts thigh • anterior part rotates hip medially • posterior part rotates hip lateraly
  • NERVE: superior gluteal nerve 

 

[image]

Term
biceps femoris
Definition
  • ORIGIN: long head (a): ischial tuberosity short head (b): linea aspera & distal femur
  • INSERTION: by common tendon into head of fibula & lateral condyle of tibia
  • ACTION: • extends thigh & flexes knee • laterally rotates leg when knee is flexed
  • NERVE: sciatic nerve 

 

[image]

Term
semitendinosus
Definition
  • ORIGIN: iscial tuberosity
  • INSERTION: medial aspect of upper tibial shaft
  • ACTION: • extends thigh & flexes knee • medially rotates leg with semimembranosus
  • NERVE: sciatic nerve 

[image]

Term

Semimembranosus

Definition
  • ORIGIN: ischial tuberosity
  • INSERTION: medial condyle of tibia
  • ACTION: • extends thigh & flexes knee • medially rotates leg
  • NERVE: sciatic nerve 

 

[image]

Term
rectus femoris
Definition
  • ORIGIN: anterior inferior iliac spine & superior margin of acetabulum
  • INSERTION: patella & tibial tuberosity via patella ligament
  • ACTION: • extends knee • flexes thigh @ hip
  • NERVE: femoral nerve 

[image]

 

Term
vastus lateralis
Definition
  • ORIGIN: greater trochanter, intertrochanteric line, linea aspera
  • INSERTION: patella & tibial tuberosity via patella ligament
  • ACTION: • extends & stablizes knee
  • NERVE: femoral

[image]

 

Term
vastus medialis
Definition
  • ORIGIN: linea aspera, intertrochanteric line
  • INSERTION: patella & tibial tuberosity via patella ligament
  • ACTION: • extends knee • stablizes patella (inferior fibers)
  • NERVE: femoral nerve 

[image]

 

Term
vastus intermedius
Definition
  • ORIGIN:anterior & lateral surfaces of proximal femur
  • INSERTION: patella & tibial tuberosity via patella ligament
  • ACTION: • extends knee
  • NERVE: femoral nerve 

[image]

Term
gastrocnemius
Definition
  • ORIGIN: by two heads from medial & lateral condyles of femur
  • INSERTION: posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon (Achilles)
  • ACTION: • plantar flexes foot when knee is extended • flexes knee when foot is dorsi- flexed
  • NERVE: tibial nerve 

 

[image]

Term
soleus
Definition
  • ORIGIN: superior tibia, fibula & inerosseous membrane
  • INSERTION: posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon (Achilles)
  • ACTION: • plantar flexes foot • important locomoter & postural muscle
  • NERVE: tibial nerve 

 

[image]

Term
tibialis anterior
Definition
  • ORIGIN: lateral condyle & upper 2/3 of tibial shaft, interosseous membrane
  • INSERTION: by tendon into inferior surface of medial cuneiform & 1st metatarsal
  • ACTION: • prime mover of dorsiflexion • inverts foot • assist in supporting medial longitudinal arch
  • NERVE: deep fibular nerve 

 

[image]

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