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Human cells, tissues and integument
Cells & Tissues for Massage Therapy
27
Anatomy
Not Applicable
01/26/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Ribosomes
Definition

Makes protein

 

synthesize protein for use inside cell and produce other proteins to be exported

Term
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Definition

Transportation unit of cells

 

Makes & assists to transport proteins

Rough or granular (ribosomes attached)

Smooth or agranular (no ribosomes attached)

Term
Golgi Body
Definition

Packing & shipping plant of cell

 

Proteins are wrapped in golgi body's membrane and sent to the desired area, often outside the cell

Term
Mitochondria
Definition

Power plant of cell

 

Cellular respiration, makes adenosine triphospate (ATP) for cell's energy

Term
Lysosome
Definition

Pac-man organelle

 

Engulf pathogens and cellular debris.  Can self-digest the cell when reduction of cells in an organ is needed.

Term
Diffusion
Definition

Passive process of moving molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

 

Process continues until distribution is equal

Term
Filtration
Definition
Movement of particles across cellular membrane because of a pressure gradient. 
Term
Osmosis
Definition

Similar to diffusion, osmosis involves a pure solvent, like water, instead of particles.

 

Movement of solvent from area of low to area of high concentration. 

 

Relies on concentration distribution of dissolved elements within solvent. When elements are too large, only the liquid passes, leaving elements behind.

Term
Active Transport within cells
Definition
Movement of important atoms and molecules against concentration gradient from low levels to high levels involving  chemical and physical mechanisms.  Carrier proteins, which are part of cell membrane, attach to ions and carry them into the cell.
Term
Endocytosis
Definition

Active movement process moving particles across cell membrane into cell.

 

Two types are:

phagocytosis (cell eating)

pinocytosis (cell drinking)

Term
List 3 types of cartilage
Definition

Hyaline: most common.  Elastic, rubbery, smooth.  Covers bone ends, part of larynx, forms C shaped rings of trachea

 

Elastic:  Soft, pliable.  Nose, ears

 

Fibrocartilage:  Greatest tensile (carrying only tenstion, no compression or bending) strenghth.  Intervetebral disks, meniscus of knee, between pubic bones

Term
Name 7 functions of the skin
Definition

1. Protection

2. Absorption

3.  Sensation

4.  Temperature regulation

5.  Waste elimination (thru perspiration--salt, lactic acid)

6.  Vitamin D synthesis

7.  Immunity (Langerhans cells attach to pathogens and destroy them)

Term
List layers of skin from superficial to deep
Definition

Epidermis

Dermis

Subcutaneous

Term
Which skin layer is keratin found?
Definition
Found in epidermis; waterproofing
Term
Which skin layer is melnin found?
Definition
Epidermis.  Skin and hair pigment.
Term
Langerhans cells found where?  Function?
Definition
Epidermis.  Limited immunologic reactions, along with helper T cells
Term
Stratum germinativum found in which skin layer.  Function?
Definition

aka. stratum basale

 

Deepest layer of four epidermis layers.

 

Contains Merkel disks (nerve endings responding to superficial pressure)

 

Continuously undergoes cell division, giving rise to all other layers:

 

Spinosum

Granulosum

Lucidum

Corneum

Term
What is medical term for "true skin"
Definition

Dermis

 

2nd layer

Term
What does the dermis contain
Definition
nerves, nerve endings, muscles, hair follicles, sweat and oil glands, blood vessels.
Term
Which skin layer is collagen found.  It's function?
Definition

Dermis

 

Constitutes 70% of dermis; provides support to nerves, blood vessels, hair follicles, glands. 

 

Elastin found in collagen and provides elasticity

Term
What is deepest skin layer called? Function?
Definition

Subcutaneous

 

aka superficial fascia. 

 

Not actually a true skin region, but a loose layer of fat and connective tissue. 

 

Contains nerve receptors and fat

Term
Krause End Bulbs found where?  Function?
Definition

Found in subcutaneous

 

Detects cold (below 65 degrees)

Term
Ruffini end organs found where?  Function?
Definition

Subcutaneous layer

 

Nerve endings detecting deep, sustained pressure and rising temps (85 - 120 degrees). 

 

 Help us to stay in contact with grasped objects.

Term
Another name for sweat glands
Definition
Sudoriferous glands
Term
Meissner corpuscle function:
Definition
Receptor for light touch; most numerous around nipples, fingertips and lips
Term

Pacinian corpuscle? Function?

 

Definition

Deep in dermal layer, mostly in hands and feet and joint capsules.

 

Respond to crude, deep pressure.  Receive proprioceptive info about joint position.

 

Respond quickly, and only when stimulus is first applied.

Term
Name ABC's of moles
Definition

A: assymetry

B: border

C: color

D. diameter

E: elevated

F. fast-growing

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