Term
The body plan of humans includes:
A tube within a-
What type of symmetry?
What type of nerve cord?
Segmetation?
What types of pouches? |
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Definition
tube
bilateral
dorsal hollow nerve chord
segmentation
pharynegeal pouches |
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Term
| What makes the outer body wall? |
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Definition
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Term
| The dorsal body cavity includes: |
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Definition
| cranial and vertebral cavity |
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Term
| Ventral body cavity includes: How many parts is each? |
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Definition
| Thoracic cavity (3) and abdominopelvic (2) |
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Term
| What are the parts of the thoracic cavity? |
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Definition
two lateral parts that contain a lung surrounded by a pleural cavity.
Mediastinum contains the heart surrounded by the pericardial sac |
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Term
| What are the parts of the abdominopelvic cavity? |
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Definition
abdominal cavity- liver, stomach, kidneys
Pelvic cavity- bladder, some reproductive organs, rectum |
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Term
| what are serous cavities? |
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Definition
| slit like space lined by a serous membrane that secretes fluid |
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Term
| What is the perietal serosa |
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Definition
| membrane that is covering the outer wall of the serous cavity |
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Term
| what is the visceral serosa? |
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Definition
| membrane covering visceral organs. |
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Term
| Parietal and visceral serosa are -- |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the serous cavities called of the lungs (thorax), heart, and abdominoplevic? |
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Definition
pleura
pericardium
peritoneum |
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Term
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Definition
| examining small structures through a microscope |
|
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Term
| what is light microscopy? |
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Definition
| illuminates tissue with a beam of light (low magnification) |
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Term
| What is electron microscopy? |
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Definition
| uses beams of electrons (higher magnification than LM) |
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Term
|
Definition
scanning (SEM)
transmission (TEM) |
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Term
|
Definition
| looks at the surface topography |
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Term
|
Definition
| looks at structures within cells |
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Term
| First step in preparing tissue for microscopy? |
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Definition
| specimen is fixed (preserved) using chemical fixatives |
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Term
| What are some chemical fixatives for each LM and EM? |
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Definition
Ethyl alcohol- not very good
Formalin (formaldehyde)- LM
EM-
Paraformaldehyde
Glutaraldehyde
Osmium tetroxide |
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Term
| second step of preparation for microscopy? |
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Definition
Sectioned using microtome- slices off thin portions of tissue.
- wax stablizes it while cutting |
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Term
| Third step in preparing tissue for microscopy? And why? |
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Definition
| Tissue is stained to distinguish anatomical structures |
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Term
| What are common stains used in microscopy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does acidic stain bind to? |
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Definition
| Acidic stain (negative) will bind to positive charges in tissue (proteins) |
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Term
| What does basic stain bind to? |
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Definition
| Basic stain is (Positively charged) and will bind to negative charges (nucleic acids in nucleus) |
|
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Term
| what is the common LM stain? |
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Definition
| Hematoxylin (basic and blue) and eosin (acidic and pink) aka H&E stain |
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Term
| How are EM stains different? |
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Definition
| Since EM uses electrons there is no light meaning no colored stains would be visable. Instead heavy metal salt stain deflects electrons in the beam to different extents. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Uranyl acetate (uranium salt) osmium tetroxide (heavy metal) |
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Term
| With microscopy you should expect: |
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Definition
| minor distortions bc the tissue is not living (cant be 100% perserved) and thus not exactly like living tissues and organs |
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Term
| What is clinical anatomy? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| electromagnetic waves of very short length |
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Term
|
Definition
| visualizing bones and abnormal dense structures |
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Term
| What type of image does an Xray give? |
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Definition
| Negative Image- dense structures are light and the less dense apear dark |
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Term
| What is an Advanced Xray technique? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Computed (axial) tomography
takes successive xrays around a persons full circumferance |
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Term
| How does a CAT scan translate? |
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Definition
| translates recorded info into detailed picture of body section |
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Term
| How is a CAT scan viewed? |
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Definition
| in transverse plane- viewed from the bottom |
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Term
|
Definition
| Positron emission tomography- formss images by detecting radioactive isotopes injected into the body |
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Term
| Why are isotopes incorporated into sugars for PET scans? |
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Definition
| so that the isotope will accumulate in metabolically active tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| Magnetic resonance imaging-produces high quality images of soft tissues |
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Term
| How are body tissues distinguished in an MRI? |
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Definition
| -distinguishes body tissues based on water content |
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Term
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Definition
| powerful magnets alter spin of H+ atoms. when the magnets shut off radio waves are emitted by the H+ atoms spinning again and are detected and used to form image |
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Term
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Definition
| ultrasound imaging- body is probed with pulses of high frequency sound waves that echo off the body's tissues |
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Term
| What is sonography used for commonly? |
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Definition
| determine the age of developing fetus |
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