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Human Body Final
N/A
41
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
05/07/2012

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Cards

Term
Central Cavity
Definition
Filled with cerebrospinal fluid (ie. ventricles of the brain or central canal in spinal cord)
Term
Gray matter core
Definition
Neuron cell bodies and unmyelinated nerve fibers
Term
External white matter
Definition
myelinated fibers and tracts (bundles of nerve fibers)
Term
Gray matter
Definition
Cortex (only cerebral hemisphere and cerebellum)
Term
Telencephalon
Definition
cerebral cortex, white matter, and basal nuclei of cerebrum
Term
corpus callosum
Definition
connects the two hemisphere's and is a pathway for information between R & L hemispheres
Term
Cerebral cortex
Definition
Conscious mind
1/8 thick
40% total brain mass
Term
primary motor cortex
Definition
in pre-central gyrus
all voluntary movements
Term
Broca's area
Definition
present usually in one hemisphere, usually left
directs muscles involved in speech production
Term
Primary somatosensory cortex
Definition
in postcentral gyrus
Term
Primary visual cortex
Definition
tip of occipital lobe
largest cortial sensory area
Term
Primary auditory cortex
Definition
interpret pitch, loudness, and location
Term
Association area
Definition
function to integrate information
Term
somatosensory association area
Definition
integrates sensory inputs (temperature & pressure) to produce an understanding of an object being felt.
without this, could not recognize an object without looking at it (ie. feeling a quarter)
Term
Visual assocation area
Definition
interprets color, form and movement
uses past experiences to enable us to comprehend what we are looking at (face recognition)
Term
Multimodal association area
Definition
receives input from multiple senses, sends output to multiple areas, allows us to give meaning to information, store in memory, tie to previous experience and decide what action to take
Term
anterior association area/prefrontal cortex
Definition
intellect, complex learning, working memory, recall, judgment, concern for others, conscience, persistence, planning, matures slowly, heavily dependent on +/- feedback from social enviornment
Term
Posterior association area
Definition
recognize patterns and faces, understand written and spoken language, attention to an area of space or an area of one's body
Term
Limbic association area
Definition
provides emotional impact that makes a scene important to us, includes hippocampus to establish memories that allow us to remember an incident
Term
Lateralization
Definition
division of labor and each hemisphere has unique abilities not shared by its partner
Term
Commissural fibers
Definition
communication b/w corresponding areas of cerebral cortex in different hemispheres (ie. corpus callosum)
Term
association fibers
Definition
communication b/w different parts in the same hemisphere (ie. adjacent gyri or different cortial lobes)
Term
projection fibers
Definition
tie cortex to lower brain centers and the rest of the nervous system
Term
basal nuclei
Definition
receives input from whole cerebral crotex
important in performing several activities at one by inhibiting other movements
stops, starts, and monitors movement executed by the cortex
Term
Parkinson's Disease
Definition
lack of dopamine
Term
Huntington's Disease
Definition
excess of dopamine
genetic
Term
thalmus
Definition
relays sensory information from all peripheral receptors "sorting it out and editing"
allows crude recognition of pleasant/unpleasant sensations
Term
hypothalmus
Definition
main visceral control center, vital for homeostasis, regulates ANS, temperature regulation, regulates water balance, controls endocrine system, sleep wake cycles, regulation of food intake, emotional behavior
Term
Limbic system
Definition
emotional brain, extensions w/ pre-frontal lobe & lower CNS
Term
Epithalmus
Definition
contains choroid plexus
Term
choroid plexus
Definition
cerebrospinal fluid forming structure
Term
pineal gland
Definition
secretes melatonin (helps regulate sleep-wake cycles and some aspects of mood)
Term
corpora quadrigemina superior 2
Definition
visual reflex center
Term
corpora quadrigemina inferior 2
Definition
realy information from hearing reeptors in ears to sensory cortex, startle reflex responds to sound
Term
cerebral peducles
Definition
large fiber tracts that connect forebrain and hind brain
Term
pons
Definition
mainly composed of conduction tracts (relay center for parts of brain)
contains nuclei for several CN
contains other nuclei(respiratory center to maintain normal breathing rhythym)
Term
cerebellum
Definition
coordinates unconscious control of skeletal muscle
Term
medulla oblongata
Definition
relay station containing all sensory and motor pathways found in spinal cord
Term
pyramids
Definition
large motor tracts descending through the cerebral peduncles from the motor cortex
Term
olives
Definition
sensory information of th estage of stretch of our muscles and joints, has integration centers
Term
brain stem
Definition
produces the rigid, programmed, automatic behaviors for our survival; pathway for fiber tracts b/w cerebrum and spinal cord; heavily involved in innervation of the head
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