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Human A&P CH 3
Cell
37
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
08/28/2012

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Term
3 Basic Parts of a Cell
Definition
Cell Membrane, Nucleus, Cytoplasm
Term
Cell Membrane Structure
Definition
-Composed of mostly lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates
-Lipid Bilayer makes frame work
-The phosopholipids in the bilayer have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails
Term
Cell to cell connection
Definition
Intercellular junction
Term
3 types of cellular junction
Definition
Tight, Desmosome, Gap
Term
Define Tight Junction
Definition
Fusing of of cell membranes
Term
Define Desmosome Junction
Definition
When the cell membranes are occasionally fused
Term
Define Gap Junction
Definition
When cells are connected by tubular channels. Cytoplasm is connected between adjacent cells.
-found in cardiac and smooth muscle cells
Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
-Consists of liquid called cytosol, cellular organelles, membranes, protein rods, tubules
Term
endoplasmic reticulum
Definition
-consists of sacs, canals, and fluid filled vesicles
-widely distributed within the cytoplasm
-the transport molecules within the cells
-associated with protein synthesis
Term
ribosomes
Definition
-consists of protein and RNA
-associated with protein synthesis
Term
golgi apparatus
Definition
-consists of sacs called cisternae
-packages and helps deliver protein within the cell
Term
mitochondria
Definition
-Can divide and produce new mitochondria
-contains DNA and RNA
-two layered membrane
-inner membrane is folded to make cristae
-Converts glucose into Adenosine Triphosphate
Term
Lysosomes
Definition
-Appear as small sacs
-Garbage disposals
-Break down fats, proteins, carbohydrates, etc
-destroy old cells and dead cells
Term
peroxisomes
Definition
-Contain peroxidases
-Peroxisomes produce catalase to decompose h2o2
-peroxidases are used to produce bile, break down fatty acids, detoxify alcohol, degrade toxic chemicals
Term
Centrosomes
Definition
-Consists of hollow cylinders called centrioles
-Centrioles consist of tubular proteins and microtubules
-also make part of cilia or flagella
Term
Cilia and Flagella
Definition
-Mobile extensions of certain cells
Term
Vesicles
Definition
-Membranous sac structures
-Store and transport various substances
Term
Microfilaments
Definition
-Composed of small rods of protein called ACTIN
-Associated with cellular movement/contraction
Term
Microtubules
Definition
-Composed of TUBULIN proteins
-form cytoskeleton
-may transport molecules within the cell
Term
Cell Nucleus
Definition
-Controls Cell Funtions
-Enclosed within a double layered membrane(nuclear envelope)
-The membrane is a lipid bilayer
-Membrane contains a nuclear pore, passages between the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm
Term
Nucleolus
Definition
-Produces RIBOSOMES
-Composed of RNA and proteins
Term
Chromatin Fibers
Definition
-loosely coiled fibers
-composed of DNA
-Makes Chromosomes
Term
Movements Into and Out of the Cell
Definition
-Movements can be passive or active
-Passive (Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, filtration)
-Active (Active Transport, Endocytosis, Exocytosis)
Term
Diffusion
Definition
movement of molecules from higher to lower concentration
Term
Facilitated Diffusion
Definition
When transport proteins of the cell membrane are used for the process
Term
Osmosis
Definition
Movement of water molecules from the area of higher to lower concentrations
Term
Active Transport
Definition
movement against concentration gradient
Term
Endocytosis
Definition
Molecules too large for active transport
-Pinocytosis (cells intake fluid substances)
-Phagocytosis (When cells intake solids)
-Receptor Mediated Endocytosis (When selective carrier proteins are used for the process
Term
exocytosis
Definition
Opposite to endocytosis
-cells export substances by this process
Term
Trancytosis
Definition
-combination of exo and endocytosis
-molecules move through a cell barrier
Term
Cell Cycle
Definition
Mitosis - (Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase)
Interphase - G1, S phase, G2
Term
Prophase
Definition
-Centrioles move to opposite poles
-Nuclear Envelope and Nucleolus disappear
-Spindle fibers arrange between the 2 centrioles
Term
Metaphase
Definition
-chromosomes line up in the middle
-they are attached to spindle fiber by centromere
Term
Anaphase
Definition
Centromeres break up
chromosomes move to opposite poles
Term
telophase
Definition
Nuclear membrane and nucleolus re appear
Term
Cytokinesis
Definition
-happens at the same time as telophase
- splitting of the cytoplasm
Term
Factors that regulate cell division
Definition
Proteins, cell size, hormones
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