Term
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Definition
| (macroscopic): the study of structures visible to the unaided eye |
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Term
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Definition
| (fine): the study of structures not visible without magnification |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of the structural changes of an individual from fertilization to adulthood |
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Definition
| first two months of development |
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Definition
| considers different types of animals |
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Term
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Definition
| anatomical changes during disease |
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Term
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Definition
| considers all structures on a specific area of the body; superficial, deep, etc |
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Term
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Definition
| study of anatomy one organ system at a time. |
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Term
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Definition
| (ventral): near the front; kneecap is on the anterior side of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| (dorsal): toward the back, dorsum |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| toward the head and close to the midline |
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Definition
| toward the head and away from the midline |
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Term
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Definition
| toward the feet and close to the midline |
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Term
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Definition
| toward the feet and away from the midline |
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Definition
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Definition
| toward the feet or bottom |
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Term
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Definition
| close to the point of attachment |
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Definition
| away from the point of attachment |
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Term
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Definition
| toward or at the body's surface |
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Term
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Definition
| away from the body's surface |
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Term
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Definition
| vertical separation into left and right |
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Term
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Definition
| divides body through midline vertically |
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Term
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Definition
| divides body parallel to midline |
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Term
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Definition
| (frontal); vertical seperation into front and back |
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Term
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Definition
| horizontal or cross-sectional through the longitudinal axis of the body |
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Term
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Definition
1. Cranial cavity: brain
2. Vertebral Cavity: spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
1. Thoracic cavity: heart, lungs,
2. Abdominopelvic cavity: detective viscera, kidneys, and peritoneal cavity. (stomach, liver, pancreas, spleen, gall bladder, kidneys, reproductive organs, rectum, etc). |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| irreversible cell death due to disease |
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Term
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Definition
| covering tissue, line body surfaces & cavities, forms gland |
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Term
| epithelial tissue functions |
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Definition
a. provides physical protection,
b. control permeability
c. provide sensation
d. secrete |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| more than one layer of cells |
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Term
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Definition
| cells wider than tall (plate like) |
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Term
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Definition
| cells are as wide as they are tall, like cubes |
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Term
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Definition
| cells are taller than they are wide, like columns |
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Term
| simple squamous epithelium location |
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Definition
| found in Alveoli of lungs, Lining of heart, blood & lymphatic vessels, lining of ventral body cavity |
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Term
| simple squamous epithelium function |
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Definition
| transport of materials, facilitates movement of viscera |
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Term
| simple cuboidal epithelium location |
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Definition
| kidney tubules, secretory portions of small glands, ovary |
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Term
| simple cuboidal epithelium function |
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Definition
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Term
| simple columnar epithelium location |
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Definition
lining of digestive tract, gallbladder, ducts of glands,
ciliated form lines of small bronchi, uterine tubes, and uterus |
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Term
| simple columnar epithelium function |
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Definition
absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances
ciliated form propels mucus or reproductive cells by ciliary action |
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Term
| stratified squamous epithelium location |
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Definition
Keratinized-forms epidermis
Non-keratinized- forms lining of esophagus, mouth, and vagina |
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Term
| stratified squamous epithelium function |
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Definition
| protects underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion |
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Term
| stratified cuboidal epithelium location |
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Definition
forms largest ducts of sweat glands
forms ducts of mammary glands and salivary glands |
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Term
| stratified cuboidal epithelium function |
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Definition
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Term
| stratified columnar epithelium location |
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Definition
rare tissue type
male urethra and large ducts of some glands |
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Term
| stratified columnar epithelium function |
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Definition
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Term
| transitional epithelium location |
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Definition
| lines uterus, urinary bladder and part of urethra |
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Term
| transitional epithelium function |
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Definition
| stretches and permits dissension of urinary bladder |
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Term
| pseudostratisfied epithelium location |
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Definition
| lines trachea and most of upper respiratory tract |
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Term
| pseudostratisfied epithelium function |
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Definition
| secretion of mucus; propulsion of mucus by cilia |
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Term
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Definition
makes more than one substance like sweat, tears, saliva, or milk.
release the substances into a duct or opening to the inside or outside of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| release hormones into the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| have extensive extracellular materials such as collagens between cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| the collective term for the extracellular component of any connective tissue that is made up of the protein fibers and the ground substance. |
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Term
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Definition
| connective tissue; produces fibers and maintains matrix |
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Term
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Definition
| connective tissue; small dark nucleus, engulf damaged cells and pathogens |
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Term
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Definition
| connective tissue; fat cell- synthesizes and stores fat |
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Term
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Definition
| synthesizes & produces melanin |
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Term
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Definition
-very long, cylindrical fibers made up of three subunits coiled around one another.
–Collagen is the most common and strongest fiber.
-think pink fibers |
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Term
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Definition
single unit of collagen protein
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Term
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Definition
contain the protein elastin
-thin dark stringy fibers |
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Term
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Definition
loose connective tissue
- gell like matrix with all three fiber types
- wraps and cushions organs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
loose connective tissue
-closely packed adipocytes (fat cells)
- nucleus pushed to the one side
- provides reserve food fuel, insulates, and protects
- located under skin: around kidneys and eyeballs, abdomen & breasts |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
loose connective tissue
- form a soft inner skeleton that support other cell types like blood cells, mast cells and macrophages
- located in lymphoid organs, lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| dense regular connective tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| dense irregular connective tissue |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-semi-rigid tissue consisting of cells (chondrocytes) embedded in a rubbery extracellular matrix
- covers ends of long bones in joints, costal cartilage of ribs, nose and trachea.
- supports and protects |
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Term
| general functions of human body cells |
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Definition
-covering
-lining
-storage
-movement
-connection
-defense
-communication
-reproduction |
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Term
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Definition
| avascular. _ nutrition & waste removal occurs by diffusion. little turnover of its components and has very poor capacity for repair. |
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Term
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Definition
| some cartilages acquire calcium phosphate deposits in the matrix in older individuals. brittle and prone to fracture. |
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Term
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Definition
- contains many elastic fibers
- more flexible than hyaline cartilage
- found in eternal ear and epiglottis |
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Term
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Definition
- more collagen fibers than hyaline
- has characteristics of bine cartilage and dense fibrous CT
- stronger than hyaline
- found in intervertebral discs & public symphysis
- tensile strength and shock absorption |
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Term
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Definition
- mineralized, rigid extracellular matrix
- vascular and is constantly undergoing turnover and renewal |
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Term
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Definition
| - specialized for contraction |
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Term
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Definition
for voluntary movements
- striated, long, consistent
- attached to bone and occasionally skin |
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Term
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Definition
for involuntary movements
- branching, striated,
- walls of the heart
- contract and propels blood into the circulation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| conducts electrical signals through the body |
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Term
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Definition
| cells that transmit the electrical signals |
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Term
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Definition
| supporting cells of neural tissue |
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Term
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Definition
epiphyses
diaphysis
shaft
metaphysis |
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Term
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Definition
end of long bone
wider than shaft
either entirely cartilaginous or separated from shaft w/ cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| (shaft) - portion of long bone between ends |
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Term
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Definition
| growth zone located between epiphyses & diaphysis |
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Term
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Definition
mature cells
-maintain bone tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| small pit or hollow cavity |
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Term
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Definition
thin plate of bone matrix
mature bone
- layer of an onion |
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Term
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Definition
extremely narrow tubular channel
oxygen/nutrient diffusion |
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Term
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Definition
found on inner and outer surfaces of the bone
Divide and differentiate to form new osteoblasts. |
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Term
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Definition
immature active cells
-inner and outer parts of the bone
-produce osteoid
-bone forming cells |
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Term
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Definition
giant multinucleated cells
- break down and remove bone tissue
- perform osteolysis
- softening/dissolution of bone |
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Term
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Definition
outer covering
osteoblasts are present
activated after a fracture |
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Term
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Definition
inner cellular lining
lives in marrow cavity
osteoblasts anf osteoclasts |
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Term
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Definition
outer part
-osteon
-central canal
-perforating canals |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| yellow w/ fat, found @ ends of longbones in adults |
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Term
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Definition
children & adult bones
required for formation of red blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
bones are weak and prone to fracture
-bone replacement does not keep up with bone removal |
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Term
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Definition
calcium is required for healthy bones
vitamin D is required for uptake of calcium in the gut |
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Term
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Definition
| removes mineral from the bone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
extensive protection or muscle attachment
pelvis, skull, |
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Term
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Definition
| located at sutures in the cranial |
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Term
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Definition
as wide as they are long
carpal bones |
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Term
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Definition
knee cap
independent bone that passes over a joint or tendon |
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Term
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Definition
immovable joints
axial skeleton |
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Term
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Definition
| head, vertebrates, ribs, sternum etc |
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Term
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Definition
found only in the skull
fibrous tissue that binds bones of the skull
allow bone growth |
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Term
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Definition
between a tooth and the alveolar fossa of the maxillae or mandible
connecting ligament - periodontal ligament |
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Term
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Definition
hyaline cartilage separates the ends of bones
growth plate, epiphyseal plates |
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Term
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Definition
slightly moveable joints
axial skeleton |
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Term
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Definition
freely moveable joints
appendicular skeleton |
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Term
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Definition
| arms, legs, shoulder, hips |
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Term
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Definition
| ends of long bones in upper and lower limbs |
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Term
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Definition
hyaline
compression absorption |
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Term
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Definition
unique to synovial joints
hold synovial fluid
prevents friction
potential space |
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Term
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Definition
two layered capsule
-fibrous capsule ( dense irr CT) strengthens joint
-synovial membrane (loose CT) makes synovial fluid |
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Term
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Definition
"raw egg white"
lubricates
nourishes the chondrocytes
shock absorber |
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Term
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Definition
Gliding
-one bone across the surface of another
-carpals & tarsus |
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Term
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Definition
| movements change the angle between bones |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| angle gets larger or flat |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
movement around a bone's long axis
hip & shoulder joints |
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Term
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Definition
forearm rotates laterally
"hold the soup"
palm faces anteriorly |
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Term
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Definition
forearm rotates medially
palm faces posteriorly
"drop the soup" |
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Term
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Definition
turning the sole medially
foot |
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Term
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Definition
turning the sole laterally
foot |
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Term
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Definition
| lifting the foots so its superior surface approaches the shin |
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Term
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Definition
depressing the foot
pointing the toes |
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Term
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Definition
| nonsingular movement of jutting out the jaw |
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Term
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Definition
opposite movement to protraction
pulling the chin in |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of the thumb to touch the tips of other fingers |
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Term
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Definition
| lifting a body part superior |
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Term
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Definition
| moving the elevated part inferiorly |
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Term
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Definition
inter tarsal
inter carpal
non axial movements
gliding |
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Term
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Definition
cylindrical end of bone fits into a trough on another bone
angular movement
elbow, ankle, joints between phalanges
uniaxial-allows movement around one axis only |
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Term
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Definition
rotating bone only turns around its line axis
uniaxial
radiulnar joint |
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Term
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Definition
biaxial
allow moving bone to travel:
-side to side (adduction/adduction)
-back and forth (flexion/extension)
biaxial |
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Term
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Definition
each articular surface has concave and convex surfaces
biaxial |
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Term
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Definition
spherical head of one bone fits into round socket of another bone
multiaxial
shoulder and hip |
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Term
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Definition
| dense regular CT that surrounds entire muscle |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| wrapping each muscle cell |
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