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Human Anatomy and Physiology
CH 4
24
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
02/04/2017

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Tissue
Definition
a group of similar cells that function together to carry out specialized activities
Term
Histology
Definition
the study of tissues
Term
The 4 Tissue Types
Definition
1. Epithelial 2. Connective 3. Muscular 4. Nervous
Term
Epithelial Tissue
Definition
Closely packed cells. Arranged in sheets: Single layer and Multiple layers. Adheres firmly to the connective tissue via the basement membrane. Nerve supply, but no blood supply. High mitotic rate-- cells subjected to a great deal of wear and tear.
Term
Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue
Definition
Apical surface, Basal surface, and Avascular
Term
Composition of Epithelial Tissue
Definition
Closely packed cell, Little matrix. Lumen of trachea, Cilia, Goblet cell, Pseudostratified columnar epithelia, Seromucous gland in submucosa.
Term
Function of Epithelium
Definition
Covers body surfaces, Lines body cavities, Forms glands. A. Simple squamous epithelium (air sacs of the lung). Apical surface of epithelium, Cell nuclei, Underlying tissue, Basal lamina. B. Simple cuboidal epithelium (kidney). C. Simple columnar epithelium (intestine). E. Stratified squamous epithelium (esophagus). Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (respiratory tract)
Term
Classification of Ep. Tissue
Definition
Layers: Simple, Stratified, Pseudostratified. Shape: Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar, Transitional.
Term
Epithelial Tissue Naming Combinations
Definition
Simple: Squamous, Cuboidal, and Columnar
Pseudostratified: Columnar
Stratified: Squamous, Cuboidal, and Columnar.
All Transitional.
Term
Glandular Epithelium
Definition
A gland is a single cell or a mass of epithelial cells adapted for secretion. Endocrine vs. Exocrine Glands
Term
Glandular Epithelium
Definition
A gland is a single cell or a mass of epithelial cells adapted for secretion. Endocrine vs. Exocrine Glands
Term
Epithelial vs. Connective Tissue
Definition
Epithelial tissue w/many cells tightly packed together and little to no extracellular matrix. Connective tissue w/a few scattered cells surrounded by large amounts of extracellular matrix.
Term
Characteristics of Connective Tissue
Definition
Lots of matrix. Few cells. Don't occur on free surfaces. Highly vascularized and has a nerve supply. Except tendon and cartilage.
Term
Composition of Connective Tissue
Definition
Mostly fibroblasts. Fibroblasts secrete matrix. Ground substance: Large molecules such as polysaccharides and proteins. Fibers: Consist of collagen. Elastic. Reticular.
Term
Function of Connective Tissue
Definition
Binds and supports. Separates structures. Stores reserve energy.
Term
Classification of Connective Tissue
Definition
Mature: Loose, Dense, Cartilage, Bone, and Blood
Term
Skin
Definition
Connective Tissue. cutaneous membrane: Epidermis, Dermis
Term
Synovial membrane
Definition
Connective Tissue. secretes synovial fluid.
Term
Muscle Tissue
Definition
Function: Provides motion, Maintains posture, Generates heat. Ex. Tendon
Term
Classification of Muscle Tissue
Definition
Skeletal Muscle: Attached to bone. Striated-- light and dark bands. Long and cylindrical. Voluntary controlled. Skeletal muscles move or stabilize the position of the skeleton; guard entrances and exits to the digestive, respiratory, and urinary tracts; generate heat; and protect internal organs.
Term
Cardiac Muscle
Definition
Heart Muscles, Striated, Involuntary, Intercalated discs - strengthen the tissue and provide a route for quick conduction. Moves blood and maintains blood pressure.
Term
Smooth Muscle
Definition
Found in walls of hallow structures: Blood vessels, stomach, airways, and bladder. Nonstraited. Involuntary. Smooth muscle moves food, urine, and reproductive tract secretions; controls diameter of respiratory passageways and regulates diameter of blood vessels.
Term
Nervous Tissue
Definition
Neurons - structural and functional units of the nervous system: dendrites, nucleus, cell body, axon, myelin sheath, axon ending.
Term
Types of Nervous Cells
Definition
Neuroglia: Protects and supports neurons. Often the site of tumors in the nervous system.
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