Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| epithelial,connective,muscular,nervous |
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Term
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Definition
| highly cellular, sheets of cells covering or lining a body surface/cavity |
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Definition
| highly cellular,specialized cells that generate and conduct nerve impulses to control the body |
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Definition
| highly cellular and vascularized tissue responsible for movement |
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Definition
| lots of matrix, the most abundant and widely distributed tissue found in the body |
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Term
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Definition
| all epithelia exhibit apical/basal____. this means that the regions of cells near the basement membrane are called basal and the ones opposite of the basement membrane are called apical |
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Definition
| with the exception of glandular epithelia, the epithelial cells fit together snugly in order to form continuous sheets of tissue |
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Definition
| connective tissue supports and lies beneath all sheet of epithelial tissue |
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Definition
| exposure to friction and "wear and tear" the epithelial cells have a high regeneration capacity.They can rapidly reproduce themselves by cell division as long as they have connective nutrition |
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| Primary functions of Epithelial Tissue |
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Definition
| Protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion, sensory reception |
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Definition
| single cell layer; simplest of all epithelia |
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Definition
| similar to simple epithelia; multiple layers |
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Definition
| One or more cells that produce and secrete a product |
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Definition
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Definition
| tall cells can have goblet cells to make mucus and microvilli to increase surface area. Can have cilia |
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Definition
| As tall as wide. Can have microvilli |
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Definition
| Differing heights. Nuclei seen at different levels. Can have goblet cells and bear cilia |
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Term
| Stratified squamos nonkeratinized |
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Definition
| lacks surface layer of dead cells |
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Term
| Stratified squamos keratinized |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| "ductless" glands internally secreting (directly into blood) |
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Definition
| numerous, secrete products onto body surface or into cavities, have a duct |
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Term
| Matrix: Ground Substance (ECF or interstitial fluid) |
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Definition
| gelatinous to rubbery material that fills the space between the cells and contains fibers |
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Term
| Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) |
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Definition
| Chrondroitin & Hialuronic acid |
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Term
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Definition
| bottlebrush-shaped molecule embedded in plasma membrane |
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Term
| Functions of Connective Tissues |
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Definition
| Bind organs, support, physical protection, immune protection, movement, storage, heat production, transport |
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Term
| Functions of Muscular Tissue |
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Definition
| Shorten to exert physical force on tissues and organs, physical body movements, produce heat |
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Term
| Location of Nervous tissue |
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Definition
| Brain and Spinal Cord; nerves and ganglia forming Peripheral Nervous System |
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Term
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Definition
| Highly specialized cells with cytoplasmic processes. Respond to stimuli in order to generate and conduct impulses. generally amitotic. have dendrites-receive signals and transmit messages to soma. have an axon/Nerve Fiber-singe long fiber which conducts signals |
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Term
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Definition
| Much smaller cells than neurons, at a closer look, they appear starbust-like. These cells protect and aid the neurons. Undergo intense mitosis. Accessory cells of the nervous tissue |
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Definition
| protect and assist the neurons |
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Definition
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| Schwann cells (PNS)and Oligodendrocytes (CNS) |
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Definition
| form myelin sheath around axons and increase the speed of electrical impulses |
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Definition
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Definition
| are microphages, part of immune response |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Barrier functions, Vitamin D synthesis, Sensation, Thermoregulation, Nonverbal Communication |
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Term
| Stratified Squamos keratinized epithelium |
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Definition
| tissue type making up the epidermis |
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Term
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Definition
| make up the majority of the epidermis composition |
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Term
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Definition
| dead, scaly, keratinized cells that form a protective, water-proof surface. up to 30 layers thick. cells exfoliate in this layer |
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Term
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Definition
| dead keratinocytes are packed full of clear protein called eleidin. Its transparent appearance is due to the lack of a nuclei or any other organelles. Found ONLY in thick skin; superficial to stratum granulosum and deep to stratum corneum |
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Term
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Definition
| flat layers of keratinocytes, three to five layers thick, have dark-strained keratohyalin granules, cells are staring to disintegrate. Granules prevent diffusion of nutrients into superficial layers, causing the keratinocytes to die off |
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Term
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Definition
| the thickest stratum in the epidermis, keratinocytes here produce lots of keratin filaments, have desmosomes that keep keratinocytes together to help keep water in the skin. Dendritic cells are found here |
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Term
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Definition
| sits on the basement membrane, single layer of stem cell that reproduce and divide into keratinocytes. Keratinocytes rise to the surface, through the different strata/layers and constantly replace sloughed off epidermal cells at the stratum corneum level. Takes about 30-40 days to move through all layers |
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Term
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Definition
| 5 layers, so thicker than the skin. forms calluses on areas of the skin that experience rubbing or constant abrasion. more epidermal cells and sweat glands. contains sebacious glands, hair follicles and arrector pilli muscle. touch receptor's nerve endings are more densely packed |
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Term
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Definition
| 4 layers. less epidermal cells and sweat glands. does not contain sebacuos glands, hair follicles and arrector pilli muscle. less dense touch receptors |
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Term
| Process of growth and keratinization of the epidermis |
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Definition
| simple cuboidal and columnar stem cells grow into their coded tissue type, keratinocytes. These keratinocytes slowly progress toward the skin's surface; as they progress their structure, composition, and function changes. In stratum granulosum they begin to die and in strata lucidum and corneum keratincoytes are dead. In corneum, they exfoliate from the surface and are replaced with new keratinocytes |
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Term
| 3 pigments responsible for producing the various skin colors |
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Definition
| Melanin, Carotene, Hemoglobin |
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Term
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Definition
| Yellow, Brown,black pigment. Also found in freckles and moles |
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Definition
| Yellow pigment that comes from absorbing the carotene nutrient in carrots and squash. It accumulaates in the top of the stratum corneum layer, the deep dermis, and the hypodermis. gives the skin a yellowish hue |
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Term
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Definition
| the red pigment in red blood cells. gives the body a pinkish color. Its lack results in a pale color |
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Definition
| well vascularized, support the epidermis; macrophages can move easily, so can attack any invaders through the skin and signal the immune system to act |
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Term
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Definition
| thick layer, contributes to overall barrier function of the skin; collagen fibers give skin tensile strength and elastic fibers provide elasticity |
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Term
| Disadvantage of papillary |
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Definition
| areolar tissue can hold water, so this layer is responsible for swelling int he body; cells can release histamine to allergens and cause a rash |
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Term
| Disadvantage of reticular |
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Definition
| random orientation of collagen fibers can interfere with surgical cuts and contribute to excessive scar formations, loss of collagen with aging contributes to wrinkles |
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Term
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Definition
| aka the hypodermis of superficial fascia. generally has more areolar and adipose tissue. located between skin and muscles. highly vascular-main reason s/c injections are given in this layer |
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Term
| Functions of the subcutaneous |
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Definition
| Energy resrvoir, thermal insulation, cushioning of organs and gender distribution differences, anchors skin to underlying tissue |
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Term
| Benefits of skin being a multilayered organ |
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Definition
| provides extra protection and resistance to abrasion. it reatins and repels water in its tissue layers. the depth and thickness of all the layers combined provides the body with its largest organ |
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Term
| Growth cycles of hair follicles |
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Definition
| Anagen,Catagen, Telogen portions |
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Definition
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Definition
| no growth, follicle shrivels |
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Definition
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| Functions of the skeletal system |
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Definition
| Support the body. protects the viscera. movement. stores minerals. blood formation |
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Term
| Cellular components of bone tissue |
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Definition
| osteogenic cells,osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts |
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Term
| Extracellular components of bone tissue |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| actively mitotic stem cell (in endosteum and periosteum) |
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Definition
| immature cells that form bone tissue by secreting collagen and calcifying the matrix |
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Term
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Definition
| mature bone cells in lacunae, respond to stress applied to bone |
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Term
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Definition
| destroys bone tissue for bone remodeling; multinuclear |
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Term
| Spongy bone (cancelous bone) |
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Definition
| trabeculae's arrangement in bone helps resist stress. Vascularizred |
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Term
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Definition
| structural unit of compact bone. elongated cylinder with parallel orientation to the long axis of the bone. appearance looks like a tree around a central opening |
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Term
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Definition
| runs through the center of an osteon. houses small blood vessels and nerve fibers serving osteon's cells. lined with endosteum |
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Term
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Definition
| runs perpendicular to central canal. connects the blood and nerve supplies of periosteum with that in the central canal. lined by endosteum |
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Term
| Osteocytes in compact bone |
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Definition
| spider shaped cells. found in lacunae at junctions of the lamellae |
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Term
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Definition
| spaces between the osteon rings. house the osteocytes |
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Term
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Definition
| tiny hairlike canals. connect lacunae to each other and to central canal; allow osteocytes to communicate through gap junctions |
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Term
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Definition
| arrangement of matrix. can be concentric, interstitial, circumferential |
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Term
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Definition
| outer membrane lining the compact bone, formed of dense irregular connective tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| forms articular cartilage on the ends of bones and joints, reduces friction during joint movement; supports respiratory airways in trachea and bronchi; precursor of embryonic |
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Term
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Definition
| absorbs shock and redistributes weight. FOund in pubic symphises, intervertebral disks and meniscus in the knee |
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Term
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Definition
| provides elasticity with support in external ear, epiglottis of cartilage and Eustachian tube |
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Term
| Dense regular connective tissue |
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Definition
| forms tendons and ligaments and provide support for the body as it reinforces the joints and helps move the bones with help of skeletal muscle |
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Term
| Dense irregular connective tissue |
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Definition
| forms periosteum, which protects the bine and has osteogenic cells important for bone formation |
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